Definition:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually…

Definition:  Diphtheria is a nasopharyngeal and skin infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae produce a protein…

Definition It is a chronic inflammation of nose characterized by atrophy of nasal mucosa and turbinate bones. The nasal cavities…

Definition Asphyxia Neonatorum is a state of anoxia as a result of lack of oxygen and/or deficiency of perfusion to…

Definition Bronchiectasis a destructive lung disease characterized by chronic (permanent/irreversible) dilatation of the bronchi associated with persistent though variable inflammatory…

Definition:  Definition Snoring is an undesirable disturbing sound that occurs during sleep [1] Overview Epidemiology Causes Risk Factors Pathogenesis Pathophysiology…

Definition A clinical disorder characterized by productive cough due to excessive mucus secretion in the bronchial tree not caused by…

Pneumonia Definition of Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.[1] Overview Epidemiology Causes Risk Factors…

Definition: Laryngitis is defined as any inflammatory process involving the larynx and can be caused by a variety of infectious…

Definition:  Adenoids are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. They, along…

Definition Chronic Pharyngitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pharynx. Pathologically, it is characterized by hypertrophy of mucosa, seromucous…

Definition:  Inflammation of pharynx and Nasal Cavity known as Nasopharyngitis. Overview EpidemiologyXXX Causes Types Risk Factors PathogenesisXXX PathophysiologyXXX Clinical FeaturesXXX…

Definition: Acute Bronchitis is acute infection and inflammation (large and medium-sized airways) of mucous membrane of trachea and bronchi produced…

Definition:  Deviated Nasal Septum [DNS] is a physical disorder of the nose, involving a displacement of the nasal septum.[1] Overview…

Definition: Nasal polyps (NP) are noncancerous growths within the nose or sinuses.[1] Overview Epidemiology xxx Causes Types Risk Factors xxx Pathogenesis Pathophysiology Clinical Features xxx Sign…

Definition:  Definition: Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose,…

Definition: Allergic rhinitis, also knows as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the…

Definition Coronavirus (COVID-19) are a group of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases…

Examination Of The Respiratory System Examination Of The Respiratory System is carried out with a simultaneous general assessment. For the examination the patient should resting comfortably on a bed or couch, supported by pillows so that they can lean back comfortably at an angle of 45 °. OBSERVATIONINSPECTIONPALPATIONPERCUSSIONAUSCULTATIONFAQOBSERVATION OBSERVATION IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXAMINATION:  During Examination…

Definition A cough, also known as tussis, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage…

Definition:  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which your airways of the lungs become narrow and swell and produce…