Abdominal Examination is Symptoms of GI or Abdominal disorders are often vague, and signs of abnormality few unless the disease is advanced.

Acidity is a type of indigestion. When the quantity (level) of hydrochloric acid is raise up than its normal level, it is called ‘Acidity’.

Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells.

Acute infection and inflammation (large and medium-sized airways) of mucous membrane of trachea and bronchi produced by viruses, bacteria or external irritants.

Diarrhea and vomiting are common symptoms that affect people of all ages, from babies and toddlers to adults.

Laryngitis is defined as any inflammatory process involving the larynx and can be caused by a variety of infectious and noninfectious processes. OR Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the voice box or larynx, usually accompanied by hoarseness, sore throat and coughing.

Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. where’s acute otitis media [AOM] is an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain.[1]

Pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, occurs in acute and chronic forms and may be due to edema, necrosis, or haemorrhage.

Acute stress disorder is an abnormal reaction to sudden stressful events.

Addison’s disease is primary adrenal failure.

Adenoids are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. They, along with the tonsils, are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. The adenoids and tonsils work by trapping germs coming in…

Adjustment disorder is a group of symptoms, such as stress, feeling sad or hopeless, and physical symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event.

Allergic rhinitis, also knows as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.

Alopecia is defined as hair loss, partial or complete.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

Anaemia is a state in which the haemoglobin concentration falls below the accepted normal range depending on age and sex.

Angina pectoris is the discomfort resulting from acute myocardial ischemia.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterised by a chronic inflammatory arthritis predominantly affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, which can progress to bony fusion of the spine.

Anorexia nervosa is a clinical syndrome characterized by low body weight, amenorrhoea, distorted body image, and an intense fear of gaining weight.

Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly called the roundworm, is the commonest intestinal nematode to infect the human and affects a quarter of the world’s population. The parasite causes pulmonary symptoms as a larva and intestinal symptoms as an adult worm.

Asphyxia neonatorum is a state of anoxia as a result of lack of oxygen and/or deficiency of perfusion to various organs arising from absence of normal respiratory function at birth.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which your airways of the lungs become narrow and swell and produce extra mucus.

It is a chronic inflammation of nose characterized by atrophy of nasal mucosa and turbinate bones.

Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Autonomic neuropathy occurs when the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions are damaged.

Avoidance of Seasonal Skin Problems is necessary because, it is a general problem or condition which affects our day to day life during various seasons.

Back pain is a symptom of a medical condition, and not a diagnosis. It is ache, pain, tension that affects the muscles or bones of the back from the base of the neck to the hips.

Bad Breath (Halitosis) Is an unpleasant odor of the breath, the state or condition of having bad breath.

Baker’s cyst is also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid containing cyst behind knee.

It is also known as Enuresis. Bed wetting or enuresis refers to the involuntary passage of urine during sleep.

Bell’s palsy is an acute, apparently isolated, lower motor neuron facial palsy for which no cause can be found.

Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by potent protein neurotoxins elaborated by clostridium botulinum.

Bronchiectasis is a destructive lung disease characterized by chronic (permanent/irreversible) dilatation of the bronchi associated with persistent though variable inflammatory process in the lungs.

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive eating (‘binges’), compensatory methods of weight control, and a fear of becoming fat.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix -the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

Before a detailed Cardiovascular System Examination is begun, it is always helpful to ask the patient’s background history as to his age, occupation, hobbies, family history and past history of cardiac, metabolic, connective tissue or neoplastic disease, as well as whether the patient is experiencing any symptoms currently.

Cataract is a clouding of the lens (The part of eyes that Helps to focused on an image or light) sufficient to reduce vision.

A disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digesting food.

Cervical ectopy is a condition where the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by columnar epithelium, which is continuous with the endocervix. It is not an ulcer.

An infectious disease causing a mild fever and a rash of itchy inflamed pimples which turn to blisters and then lose scabs.

Chikungunya fever is caused by Chikugunya virus. They are spherical enveloped virions, 60 nm diameters and have single stranded positive sense RNA genome.

Child abuse happens when a parent or other adult causes serious physical or emotional harm to a child.

A clinical disorder characterized by productive cough due to excessive mucus secretion in the bronchial tree not caused by local Broncho-pulmonary disease, on most of the days for at least 3 months of the year for at least two consecutive years.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive, and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity that is characterize by discharge from the middle ear through a perforated tympanic membrane for at least 6 weeks.

Chronic Pharyngitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pharynx. Pathologically, it is characterized by hypertrophy of mucosa, seromucous glands, sub epithelial lymphoid follicles and even the muscular coat of the pharynx.

Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of talking treatment which focuses on how your thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect your feelings and behaviour, and teaches you coping skills for dealing with different problems.

A coma is a state of prolonged unconsciousness that can be caused by a variety of problems; traumatic head injury, stroke, brain tumor, drug or alcohol intoxication, or even an underlying illness, such as diabetes or an infection.

Community psychiatry can be defined as the provision of psychiatric services to the patient within their community environment with an aim to achieve full social integration.

Conduct disorder is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in children and adolescents in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball.

Constipation is a condition marked by infrequent bowel movements (typically less than 3 per week) and difficulty passing stool. The stool itself may be hard and dry, or soft and difficult to expel completely.

Constipation in Children & New Born is defined as a delay or difficulty in defecation, present for 2 or more weeks and sufficient to cause significant distress to the patient.  

Corn is a localized, smaller, deeper lesion with palpable tender nodule having a yellow white core of cornified dead skin in the center.

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a  group of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in humans.

A cough is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage of foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids, and mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs.

In cryptomenorrhea, there is periodic shedding of the endometrium and bleeding but the menstrual blood fails to come out from the genital tract due to obstruction in the passage.

Cushing’s syndrome refers to the clinical manifestations induced by, chronic exposure to excess corticosteroid.

Deliberate self-harm is not usually fail suicide. Only about a quarter of those who have deliberately harmed themselves say they wished to die; most say the act was impulsive rather than premeditated.

Dengue  is a mosquito-borne viral disease which is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, A. albopictus.

This condition can interfere with the acquisition, retention, or application of specific skills or sets of information. They may involve dysfunction in attention, memory, perception, language, problem-solving, or social interaction.

Nasal septum deviation is a physical disorder of the nose, involving a displacement of the nasal septum.

Diabetes Mellitus is chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated level of blood glucose which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, kidney, lung, eyes, nerves etc.

Diarrhoea is defined as bowel movements which are excessive in volume, frequency or liquidity.

Diphtheria is a nasopharyngeal and skin infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Paraphilias are disorders of sexual preference in which sexual arousal occurs persistently and significantly in response to objects which are not a part of normal sexual arousal (e.g. non human objects; suffering or humiliation of self and/or sexual partner; children or non consenting person).

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 and associated with intellectual disability.

Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less.

Dysentery refers to the presence of grossly visible blood in the stools and is a consequence of infection of the colon and Liver by either bacteria or ameba.

Dyspareunia means that the coital act is difficult and or painful.

Dysphagia difficulty with swallowing refers to problems with the transit of food or liquid from the mouth to the hypopharynx or through the esophagus.

An infectious and frequently fatal disease marked by fever and severe internal bleeding, spread through contact with infected body fluids by a failover (Ebola virus), whose normal host species is unknown.

Eczema is a polymorphic inflammatory reaction pattern of the skin involving the epidermis and dermis.

Presence of functioning endometrium (glands and stroma) in sites other than uterine mucosa is called endometriosis.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to attain or sustain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse.

The female genital examination is preceded by an in-depth history taking, including present complaints, past and personal history (previous medical, gynaecological and surgical illnesses and interventions), family history, marital and sexual history (when relevant), menstrual history and obstetric history (when relevant).

Examination Of Male Genitalia, it is essential and most helpful to take a history of the patient regarding sexual function, sexual preferences, sexual responses and pain, swelling or lesions in the penis or scrotum, if any.

Three important questions govern the examination of Nervous System: Is the mental status intact?,  Are right-sided and left-sided findings in the patient symmetric to each other?, If the findings are asymmetric or abnormal, does the causative lesion lie in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system?

Examination Of The Respiratory System is carried out with a simultaneous general assessment.

Factitious disorder is a condition in which a person deliberately and consciously acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy.

Elevation of body temperature above the set point is called hyperthermia, fever or pyrexia.

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues.

Fissure is an ulcer in the longitudinal axis of the lower anal canal.

A fistula is an abnormal communication between two epithelially lined surfaces.

A bone fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken.

Frozen shoulder also known as Adhesive capsulitis, is characterized by pain and global restriction of both active and passive Glenohumeral joint motion.

Functional Enuresis is the repeated involuntary voiding of urine, occurring after an age at which continence is usual and in the absence of any identified physical disorder.

A Furuncles (Boils) is a walled-off collection of pus that is a painful, firm, or fluctuant mass.

Gallstones are clumps of crystallized cholesterol or some pigments in the gallbladder.

It is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal condition characterized by widespread necrosis of the muscles and subsequent soft-tissue destruction.

Gastritis should be reserved for histologically documented inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by recurrent reflux of gastric contents into the distal esophagus.

The physical examination starts moment the patient enters the clinic. His orientation, gait, nutritional status, etc. can be observed.

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus.

Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in and around synovial joints.

Hair can be categorized as either vellus (fine, soft, and not pigmented) or terminal (long, coarse, and pigmented).

Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly caused by five well-characterized hepatotropic viruses, which are designated hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by Hepatitis B virus affecting Liver.

A Herpes Labialis is a group of tiny, painful blisters caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They’re also called fever blisters or herpes simplex labialis.

Hiatal hernia is a herniation of viscera, most commonly the stomach, into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Hip pain is the sensation of discomfort in or around the hip joint, where the upper end (head) of the thigh bone (femur) fits into the socket of the hip bone.

Hirsutism is the excessive growth of androgen dependent sexual hair (terminal hair) in facial and central part of the body that worries the patient.

Abdominal pain is a feeling of discomfort along with pain in the part of the body between lower chest and pelvis

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration.

Hypochondriasis is defined as a persistent preoccupation with a fear (or belief) of having one (or more) serious disease(s), based on person’s own interpretation of normal body function or a minor physical abnormality.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenia also known as Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura defined as an isolated low platelet count with a normal bone marrow in the absence of other causes of low platelets.

Insomnia is usually a symptom rather than a disorder, and refers to persistent problems falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or having a good quality of sleep.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits in the absence of detectable structural abnormalities.

Joint pain can be discomfort, pain or inflammation arising from any part of a joint – including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons or muscles.

Kleptomania is the recurrent inability to resist urges to steal items that you generally don’t really need and that usually have little value.

Pain in or around the knee that may indicate a condition affecting the knee joint itself or the soft tissue around the knee.

Leucorrhoea is strictly defined as an excessive vaginal discharge.

Lichen planus (LP) is an acute or chronic inflammatory dermatosis involving skin and / or mucous membrane.

A lipoma is a cluster of fat cells which become overactive and so distended with fat that it produces a palpable swelling.

Mastitis is inflammation of the breast or udder, usually associated with breastfeeding.

Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the rubeola virus.

Menopause means permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to loss of ovarian follicular activity

Menorrhagia is defined as cyclic bleeding at normal intervals; the bleeding is either excessive in amount (> 80 mL) or duration (>7 days) or both.

Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult.

Mental status examination is a standardised format in which the clinician records the psychiatric signs and symptoms present at the time of the interview.

Recurrent headaches which are throbbing in nature, associated with nausea, vomiting, light or sound sensitivity and which get worse with physical exertion are likely to be migraine headaches.

Milia are deep seeded white bumps that form when skin cells become trapped rather than exfoliate naturally. The trapped cells become walled off into tiny cysts that appear like white beads below the surface of the skin.

Motion sickness is a very common balance disorder especially among young children. It is condition of the inner ear where repeated motion caused by a vehicle or any other movements disturbs the inner ear.

Musculoskeletal pain is the pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, bones and nerves.

Nasal polyps (NP) are noncancerous growths within the nose or sinuses.

Inflammation of pharynx and Nasal Cavity known as Nasopharyngitis.

Neoplasm of the esophagus is a medical term for a tumor in the esophagus.

Involuntary ejaculation of semen during sleep in the night or in the early morning is a condition called night fall.

Obesity is a condition characterised by an excess of body fat. In its simplest terms, obesity can be considered to result from an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed in the diet and the amount of energy expended through exercise and bodily functions.

ODD is a condition in which a child displays an ongoing pattern of an angry or irritable mood, defiant or argumentative behavior, and vindictiveness toward people in authority.

Only disorders with a known organic cause are called organic mental disorders. Thus, organic mental disorders are behavioural or psychological disorders associated with transient or permanent brain dysfunction and include only those mental and behavioural disorders that are due to demonstrable cerebral disease or disorder, either primary (primary brain pathology) or secondary (brain dysfunction due to systemic diseases).

Osteoarthritis is characterized by focal loss of articular cartilage, subchondral osteosclerosis, osteophyte formation at the joint margin, and remodeling of joint contour with enlargement of affected joints.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue that may lead to weak and fragile bones.

Paget’s Disease of Bone (PDB) is a disorder of the bone remodeling process, in which the body absorbs old bone and forms abnormal new bone.

Paralysis is defined as the complete loss of strength and functions of muscle group or a limb.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second commonest neurodegenerative disease.

Perspiration is the secretion of fluid by the sweat by sudoriferous glands. These small, tubular glands are situated within the skin, and the subcutaneous tissue under it.

Phobia is defined as an irrational fear of a specific object, situation or activity, often leading to persistent avoidance of the feared object, situation or activity.

Piles or Haemorrhoid are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum. Hemorrhoids, also spelled hemorrhoids, are vascular structures in the anal canal. In their normal state, they are cushions that help with  stool control. They become a disease when swollen or inflamed; the unqualified term “hemorrhoid” is often used to…

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of foot pain in adults, with peak incidence occurring in people between the ages of 40 and 60 years.

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterised by recurrent and intrusive recollections of the stressful event, either in flashbacks (images, thoughts, or perceptions) and/or in dreams.

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by development of hypertension to the extent of 140/90 mm Hg or more with proteinuria after the 20th week in a previously normotensive and nonproteinuric woman.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS also described as premenstrual tension PMT), is a symptom complex recognized primarily by cyclic changes associated with ovulatory cycles. It occurs 7–14 days prior to menstruation and spontaneously resolves after menses.

The prostate is a small gland in men that helps make semen. Located just below the bladder in front of the rectum, it wraps around the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body.

Pruritus means sense of itching, when it is confined to the vulva, it is called pruritus vulvae. It should not be confused with pain.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, auto immune, hyperproliferative skin disease, characterised by well-defined, erythematous scaly plaques, particularly affecting extensor surfaces and scalp, and usually follows a relapsing and remitting course.

The amount of detail and the focus of the psychiatric history taking vary from case to case but the basic aims are the same it is not necessary to learn a separate interview for each condition.

Psychiatric malpractice occurs when a patient becomes the victim of their psychiatrist’s neglect or abuse. 

There are various kind of terms in psychiatry.

Psychiatry is closely connected with the civic law, and for most psychiatrists the legal aspects of their work represent a large part of their everyday practice.

Originally, the term ‘forensic psychiatry’ referred to the interaction between psychiatry and the law. However, psychiatry is intricately connected with the law.

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as a sequence of three or more consecutive spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks. Some, however, consider two or more as a standard. It may be primary or secondary (having previous viable birth). A woman procuring three consecutive induced abortions is not a habitual abortion.

Renal stones are the result of a buildup of dissolved minerals or salts on the inner lining of the kidneys.

The placenta is said to be retained when it is not expelled out even 30 minutes after the birth of the baby (WHO 15 minutes).

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term, progressive, and disabling autoimmune disease. It causes inflammation, swelling, and pain in and around the joints and other body organs.

Rhinitis also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside of the nose.

Ringworm is a common infection of the skin that is caused by fungus & characterised by itchy red circular rash. Ringworm is also called “tinea” or “dermatophytosis.”

Rubella is an exanthema caused by a RNA virus of the toga virus family.

Scabies is a contagious skin Disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite.

Sciatica is pain along the sciatic nerve. It usually results from compression of nerve roots in the lower back.

Separation anxiety disorder is a condition in which a child becomes fearful and nervous when away from home or separated from a loved one usually a parent or other caregiver to whom the child is attached.

Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. It is also known as “Infectious Arthritis.”

Sexual dysfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or partners during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.

Sexual dysfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or partners during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.

Shoulder pain is defined as Physical discomfort of the shoulder, including the joint itself or the muscles, tendons and ligaments that support the joint.

Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain.

This is an autoimmune disorder of unknown cause, characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to glandular fibrosis and exocrine failure.

Snoring is an undesirable disturbing sound that occurs during sleep.

Somatoform disorder is a syndrome of prolonged physical symptoms in the absence of an identifiable organic cause with associated functional impairment in the context of an identifiable stressor.

Speech disorder is a group of conditions where there is problem in speech formation and creation which leads to difficulty in communication with others.

Stomach ulcers, which are also known as gastric ulcers, are painful sores in the stomach lining.

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one’s own death.

The harsh sun rays and the pollution are the main causes of skin problems during this time. Excessive exposure to sun rays can also cause sunburns which if left untreated can result in skin pigmentation.

Sunburn refers to redness, irritation, and burning of the skin caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight. It is commonly known as radiation burns.

Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus.

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs.

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs.

The term tension-type headache (TTH) is commonly used to describe a chronic head-pain syndrome characterized by bilateral tight, band-like discomfort.

Thalassemia are genetic disorders of Hb synthesis in which there is reduced production of one or more chains of Hb.

Threatened Miscarriage is a clinical entity where the process of miscarriage has started but has not progressed to a state from which recovery is impossible.

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the two oval shaped pads of the tissue called tonsil located at the back of the throat, caused by viral or bacterial infection.

Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans.

A mouth ulcer (aphtha) is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) may be asymptomatic (subclinical infection) or symptomatic (disease). Thus, the term urinary tract infection encompasses a variety of clinical entities, including asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis.

Urticaria, also known as hives, is an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly; either as a result of the body’s reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons.

Fibroid is the commonest benign tumour of the uterus and also the commonest benign solid tumour in female. Histologically, this tumour is composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue, so named as uterine leiomyoma, myoma or fibromyoma.

Varicose vein are dilated, tortuous and elongated superficial veins of the limb.

True vertigo is characterized by a sensation of turning either of the patient or his environment, and is caused by disease of the labyrinth or its central connections.

An acute Viral Infection of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract which occurs in epidemics. The virus is spread by airborne infection from coughs and sneezes.

Viral Warts (Verrucae) are epidermal growths resulting from infection of the skin with a filtered DNA virus called the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Vitamin B 12  deficiency or Vitamin B 12  deficiency anemia also known as cobalamin deficiency is the medical condition of low blood and tissue levels of vitamin B 12.

Vitiligo is a loss of skin pigment (Melanocytes) that causes white spots or patches to appear on the skin.

Vomiting in contrast, is a highly specific physical event that results in the rapid, forceful evacuation of gastric contents in retrograde fashion from the stomach up to and out of the mouth.

Vomiting in Pregnancy is defined as the complaints of patient about nausea and occasional sickness on rising in the morning, commonly occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy.

It is not a process of giving advice, but it is a process of helping your patient who is genuinely in need. It aims to help an individual to help himself to overcome his problem.