Ovarian Cyst

Overview of Ovarian Cyst

• Functional cysts are common in young girls, adolescents and women in their reproductive years.
• Germ cell tumours occur more commonly in young women whereas benign epithelial tumours occur more commonly in older women. [2]

Indian epidemiology then other

Causes of Ovarian Cyst

Functional e.g.

• Follicular cyst
• Corpus luteal cyst
• Theca luteal cyst

Inflammatory e.g.

• Tubo-ovarian abscess
• Endometrioma

Germ cell e.g.

• Benign teratoma

Epithelial e.g.

• Serous cystadenoma
• Mucinous cystadenoma
• Brenner tumour

Sex cord stromal e.g.

• Fibroma
• Thecoma [2]

Classification of Ovarian Cyst

• Follicular cysts
• Corpus luteum cyst
• Theca lutein and granulosa lutein cysts
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Endometrial cyst (in other words, chocolate cyst). [1]

Risk factor of Ovarian Cyst

Corpus luteal cysts i.e.:

• History of anticoagulant therapy

.

Pathogenesis refers to the development of a disease. It’s the story of how a disease gets started and progresses.

This is the entire journey of a disease, encompassing the cause but going beyond it.

Pathophysiology, on the other hand, focuses on the functional changes that occur in the body due to the disease. It explains how the disease disrupts normal physiological processes and how this disruption leads to the signs and symptoms we see.

Imagine a car accident. Pathogenesis would be like understanding how the accident happened – what caused it, the sequence of events (e.g., one car ran a red light, then hit another car). Pathophysiology would be like understanding the damage caused by the accident – the bent fenders, deployed airbags, and any injuries to the passengers.

In simpler terms, pathogenesis is about the "why" of a disease, while pathophysiology is about the "how" of the disease’s effects.

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Sign & Symptoms of Ovarian Cyst

• Pelvic pain
• Discomfort
• Dyspareunia

Cyst can even rupture leading to i.e.

• Peritoneal irritation
• Peritonitis
• Hemoperitoneum
• Hypovolemia [3]

Clinical / Physical Examination For Ovarian Cyst

Pelvic examination usually discloses an enlarged, tender, cystic, or solid adnexal mass. [5]

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cyst

• In general, The diagnosis relies on comparison of the torted ovary with the opposite side.
• The ovary appears congested also oedematous; additionally multiple small cysts may be seen at the periphery of a markedly enlarged ovary. [4]
• Chocolate cysts- They can reach 10 cm in size and have a characteristic ‘Ground Glass’ appearance on USS. [2]

Complications are what happen after you have a disease. They are the negative consequences of the disease process.

Investigation of Ovarian Cyst

Ultrasound examination i.e.:

The following information should be gained from an ultrasound examination of an ovarian tumour.

• The side of the lesion- either Unilateral or Bilateral.
• The size – Three dimensions if possible.
• Consistency – either Cystic or Solid
• Internal structures – Unilocular, Multilocular, Complex.
• Nature of septa- either Thin or Thick.
• Internal wall – Smooth, Irregular presence of papillary projections
• Echogenicity [4]

Treatment of Ovarian Cyst

• Laparoscopy
• Laparotomy [1]
• Alternatively, an estrogen and progesterone containing oral contraceptive may be given to suppress gonadotropin stimulation of the cyst.
• Surgical resection of the bleeding cyst. [5]

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Homeopathic Treatment of Ovarian Cyst

Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis.

which includes

• The medical history of the patient,
• Physical and mental constitution,
• Family history,
• Presenting symptoms,
• Underlying pathology,
• Possible causative factors etc.

A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions.

What Homoeopathic doctors do?

A homeopathy doctor tries to treat more than just the presenting symptoms. The focus is usually on what caused the disease condition? Why ‘this patient’ is sick ‘this way’?.

The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness also looked for. No a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.

The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can greatly improved with homeopathic medicines.

Homeopathic Medicines for Ovarian Cyst:

The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy, potency and repetition of dose by Homeopathic doctor.

So, here we describe homeopathic medicine only for reference and education purpose. Do not take medicines without consulting registered homeopathic doctor (BHMS or M.D. Homeopath).

Medicines:

Apis Mellifica:

• Ovaries; either numb, or congested, with suppressed menses.
• Ovarian cysts.
• Burning, stitching pains in either ovaries or uterus.
• Worse – specifically Heat of room, of weather, of fire, hot drinks, bath, bed, touch, even of hair, pressure, after sleep, lying down, suppressed eruptions, 4 m. On the other hand, Better – cool air, cool bathing, uncovering, slight expectoration, motion, sitting erect.

Thuja:

• Left ovary inflamed, with tearing pain < menses.
• Ovarian cysts.
• Erosion especially of cervix.
• Cauliflower excrescences bleeding easily.
• Worse -Cold, damp, specifically heat of bed, Periodically-3 a.m. and 3 p.m., yearly, increasing moon, moonlight, during menses, urinating, tea, coffee, sweets, fat food, onions, sun, chewing, bright light, mercury, syphilis, stretching, coitus, closing eyes. whereas Better – warm, wrapping, air, wind, free secretions, sneezing, motion, crossing legs, touch, drawing up limbs, rubbing, scratching.

Bovista:

• Occasional show between the periods.
• Parovarian cyst.
• In detail, Thick, acrid, yellow-green leucorrhea, leaving green spots on linen aggravation while walking; after menses.
• Worse – menses, full moon, hot weather, getting warm, cold food, wine, coffee. On the other hand, Better – bending double, hot food, eating

Bufo:

• Tumours also polypi of uterus.
• Moreover, Ulcers of cervix.
• Burning in ovaries also uterus.
• Cord like swelling from groin to knee.
• Violent pain in mammae aggravation specifically at night.
• Besides this, Hydatids in ovaries.
• Offensive purulent leucorrhea.
• Worse – warm room, sexual excitement, masturbation, least motion, injuries. Whereas Better – bleeding, cool air, cold bathing, feet in hot water

Colocynth:

• Clutching pain in ovarian region amelioration specifically by drawing up double, with restlessness.
• Ovarian cysts, tumours.
• Worse -Emotion, Vexation, chagrin, anger, lying on painless side, night, in bed, draughts, taking cold, before also after urination. On other hand, Better -Hard pressure, on edge, heat, rest, gentle motion, after stool or flatus, doubling up.

Kali Bichromicum:

• Basically, Cystic tumours of ovaries.
• Fibroids
• Sub-involution.
• Sexual feeling lost, aversion to coition.
• Worse – mental exertion, emotions-anger, fright, worry, grief, periodically, especially night, 2 a.m., summer, new moon, sexual excess, puberty, unsatisfied sexual desire.
• Better – when busy mentally and physically

Lachesis:

• Left ovary, swollen, indurated, painful, must lift covers.
• Generally, Uterine and ovarian pains specifically ameliorated by flow of blood.
• Uterus feels as if the os is open.
• Climacteric troubles; palpitation, flushes of heat, haemorrhages etc. In detail, Ovarian tumours
• Worse – after sleep, Lachesis sleeps into aggravation, ailments that come especially on during sleep, left side, in the spring, warm bath, pressure or constriction, hot drinks, closing eyes. Whereas, Better – appearance of discharges, warm applications. [6]

Diet & Regimen of Ovarian Cyst

Avoid foods that contribute to insulin resistance. These include refined carbohydrates and highly processed foods, for example:

• White bread
• White potatoes
• Anything made with white flours
• Pastries, desserts, muffins, also other sugary foods

Instead of filling up on processed carbs, try adding foods that help regulate weight and fight insulin resistance.

Healthy options include i.e.:

• High fibre food, including broccoli, greens, almonds, berries, also squash
• Lean proteins, including fish, tofu, also chicken
• Anti-inflammatory food and spices, including tomatoes, turmeric, kale, olive oil, also almonds. [7]

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References use for Article Ovarian Cyst

[1] DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology (PDF Drive)

[2] Gynecology by Ten Teachers

[3] Sudha Salhan – Textbook of Gynecology

[4] Dewhurst_s_Textbook_of_Obstetrics_and_Gynaecology_7th_ed

[5]Obstetrics_and_Gynecology__Sixth_Edition__Obstetrics_and_Gynecology__Beckman

[6] Homeopathic Body System Prescribing- A Practical Workbook of Sector Remedies.

[7] https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/ovarian-cyst-treatment-at-home#diet

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Ovarian Cyst?

Ovarian Cyst is the non-neoplastic enlargement of the ovary and it is usually due to accumulation of fluid inside the functional unit of the ovary.

Homeopathic Medicines used by Homeopathic Doctors in treatment of Ovarian Cyst?

• Apis Mellifica
• Thuja
• Bovista
• Bufo
• Colocynth
• Kali Bichromicum
• Lachesis

What are the types of Ovarian Cyst?

• Follicular cysts
• Corpus luteum cyst
• Theca lutein and granulosa lutein cysts
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Endometrial cyst

What is the main cause of Ovarian Cyst?

• Follicular cyst
• Corpus luteal cyst
• Theca luteal cyst
• Tubo-ovarian abscess
• Endometrioma
• Benign teratoma
• Serous cystadenoma
• Mucinous cystadenoma
• Brenner tumour

Give the symptoms of Ovarian Cyst?

• Pelvic pain
• Discomfort
• DyspareuniaCyst can even rupture leading to
  • Peritoneal irritation
  • Peritonitis
  • Hemoperitoneum
  • Hypovolemia