Viral Warts (Verrucae)

Overview of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

Common warts are small, grainy skin growths that occur most often on your fingers or hands.

Rough to the touch, common warts also often feature a pattern of tiny black dots, which are small, clotted blood vessels.

Common warts are caused by a virus and are transmitted by touch.

It can take a wart as long as two to six months to develop after your skin has been exposed to the virus.

Common warts are usually harmless and eventually disappear on their own. But many people choose to remove them because they find them bothersome or embarrassing.[4]

Epidemiology:

• Genital Warts: A study published in 2018 ("Prevalence and Burden Related to Genital Warts in India") found that the overall prevalence of genital warts in India was 1.07%, with higher rates in men than women. Regional prevalence ranged from 0.40% in Bangalore to 2.17% in Delhi.

• Viral Warts: A study published in 2003 ("Viral Warts-A Clinico-Epidemiological Study") in the Indian Journal of Dermatology investigated various aspects of viral warts in a hospital setting. It found that the majority of patients were in the 11-20 age group, with a slight female predominance. The most common sites affected were the hands and feet.

• Verruca Plana: A study published in 2013 ("Clinicoepidemiologic study of verruca plana at a tertiary care center") examined the characteristics of verruca plana (flat warts) in patients attending a tertiary care center. It found that the most common age group affected was 11-20 years, with a slight female predominance. The face was the most commonly affected site.[5][6]

Causes of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

• Common warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
• The virus is quite common and has more than 150 types, but only a few cause warts on your hands.
• Some strains of HPV are acquired through sexual contact.
• Most forms, however, are spread by casual skin contact or through shared objects, such as towels or washcloths.
• The virus usually spreads through breaks in your skin, such as a hangnail or a scrape.
• Biting your nails also can cause warts to spread on your fingertips and around your nails.
• Each person’s immune system responds to the HPV virus differently, so not everyone who comes in contact with HPV develops warts.[4]

Classification of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

Verruca plana or juvenile warts

• These are seen in children usually on the back of the hands or on face.
• They are smooth, small, flat topped papules of skin color.

Verruca vulgaris

• These affect any part of the body especially the hands and feet, varying in size from pinhead to pea size.
• The surface is rough and hyperkeratotic.
• They are firm in consistency and not tender.

Filiform warts

• These are finger­like growths, slender.
• Description – Single or multiple, and thin found on the face and neck. white, pink, moist or slightly hyperpigmented hypertrophic warts which resembles a cauliflower.
• Earl lesions may be flat.

Plantar and palmar warts

• These occur on the palms and soles of the feet.
• They are flat due to pressure, but are deep in the skin.
• They are painful and tender, occur on sites of pressure like the balls of feet and heels. Often a number of these warts conglomerate to form a mosaic wart.
• Clinically, it must be differentiated from a corn which also occurs on pressure points, tender at the centre, but has no papillomatous surface when scraped.
• The normal lines of the skin stop at the margins of a wart.
• When the surface is gently scraped, small bleeding points or black dots are seen.

Genital warts (Condylomata acuminata)

• Predisposition – Sexually active adults of either sex.
• Distribution – Anogenital region – Penile, vaginal or rectal mucosa may be involved.
• Diagnosis – The verrucous, irregular surface of the lesion is highly suggestive. Biopsy may be necessary to exclude squamous cell carcinoma.

Occupational warts

• These are common wart ­like papillomatous and/or dome shaped, deep warts with a smooth surface located on both dorsal and palmar sides of the hands.
• They occur in butchers and fish handlers.[1]

Risk factor of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

People at higher risk of developing common warts include i.e.:

• Children and young adults, because their bodies may not have built up immunity to the virus
• People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or people who’ve had organ transplants. [4]

Pathogenesis:

• HPV Infection: Infection initiates in the basal layer of the epidermis or mucosal epithelium. Minor trauma facilitates viral entry.

• Viral Replication: HPV DNA replicates in the host cell nucleus. Viral proteins are expressed, leading to cellular changes.

• Cellular Proliferation: Viral proteins induce hyperplasia of the epidermis, resulting in the characteristic wart-like lesion.

• Immune Response: Both innate and adaptive immune responses play a role in controlling HPV infection and wart regression.

• Latency: In some cases, HPV can remain latent in the skin, with the potential for reactivation and wart recurrence.[7]

Pathophysiology:

HPV Infection

HPV infects the basal layer of the epidermis, where it replicates and induces cell proliferation. The virus also interferes with the normal differentiation of keratinocytes, leading to the formation of a thickened, hyperkeratotic lesion.

Host Immune Response

The host’s immune response plays a critical role in the development and resolution of viral warts. In immunocompetent individuals, the immune system is usually able to clear the infection within a few months to years. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the infection may persist and lead to the development of multiple or recurrent warts.

Factors Affecting Wart Development

Several factors can affect the development of viral warts, including:

• HPV type: Different HPV types are associated with different types of warts. For example, HPV types 1 and 2 are most commonly associated with common warts, while HPV types 6 and 11 are most commonly associated with genital warts.
• Host immune status: Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop viral warts than immunocompetent individuals.
• Site of infection: The site of infection can also affect the development of warts. For example, warts on the hands and feet are more likely to be exposed to trauma, which can facilitate the spread of the virus.[8]

Clinical Features of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

• Elevated, firm papules or nodules: Warts typically appear as elevated, firm papules or nodules on the skin. They can be flesh-colored, pink, or brown, and they may have a rough, warty surface.

• Vary in size: The size of warts can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

• Painless: Warts are usually painless, but they can sometimes be tender or itchy, especially if they are located on weight-bearing areas, such as the soles of the feet.

Specific Types of Warts & their Clinical Features:

Several distinct types of warts exist, each presenting with specific clinical characteristics:

• Common warts (verruca vulgaris): These are the most common type of wart. They typically appear as flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with a rough, warty surface. They are most commonly found on the hands, but they can also occur on other parts of the body.

• Plantar warts (verruca plantaris): These warts occur on the soles of the feet. They are often painful, especially when walking or standing. Plantar warts may appear as flat, callus-like lesions or as small, black dots surrounded by a thickened ring of skin.

• Flat warts (verruca plana): These warts are small, flat-topped papules that are most commonly found on the face, hands, and legs. They are often flesh-colored or slightly brown.

• Filiform warts: These warts are long, thin, finger-like projections that are most commonly found on the face, neck, and eyelids.

• Genital warts (condyloma acuminata): These warts occur on the genitals and surrounding areas. They are often flesh-colored or pink, and they may have a cauliflower-like appearance. Genital warts are sexually transmitted and are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.[9]

Sign & Symptoms of Viral Warts: (Verrucae)

Common warts usually occur on your fingers or hands and may be i.e.:

• Small, fleshy, grainy bumps
• Rough to the touch
• Sprinkled with black pinpoints, which are small, clotted blood vessels.[4]

Clinical Examination of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

• Inspection: Warts typically present as circumscribed, elevated papules or plaques with a rough, verrucous surface. They may be skin-colored, hyperpigmented, or hypopigmented. The size and shape can vary depending on the location and subtype of the wart.
• Palpation: Warts are usually firm and nontender on palpation. In some cases, they may be slightly painful, especially if they are located on weight-bearing areas or if they have been traumatized.
• Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of warts and distinguishing them from other skin conditions. Characteristic dermoscopic features include the presence of pinpoint black dots (representing thrombosed capillaries), a white-to-yellowish background, and a regular, cobblestone-like pattern.
• Location: Warts can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most common on the hands, feet, and genitals. The location of the wart can provide clues to the specific subtype. For example, common warts typically occur on the hands, plantar warts on the soles of the feet, and genital warts on the genitals or surrounding areas.[8]

Diagnosis of Viral Warts: (Verrucae)

In most cases, your doctor can diagnose a common wart with one or more of these techniques:

• Examining the wart
• Scraping off the top layer of the wart to check for signs of dark, pinpoint dots — clotted blood vessels — which are common with warts.
• Removing a small section of the wart (shave biopsy) and sending it to a laboratory for analysis to rule out other types of skin growths. [4]

Differential Diagnosis:

• Molluscum Contagiosum: These dome-shaped papules often have a central umbilication. They are caused by a poxvirus and are commonly seen in children.
• Seborrheic Keratoses: These warty growths are often pigmented and have a “stuck-on” appearance. They are benign and tend to occur in older adults.
• Actinic Keratoses: These scaly patches are precancerous lesions caused by sun damage. They are typically found on sun-exposed areas.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type of skin cancer can sometimes appear warty or ulcerated. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
• Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris): These are the most common type of wart, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). They often have a rough, cauliflower-like surface.
• Plantar Warts: These warts occur on the soles of the feet and can be painful, especially when walking or standing.
• Flat Warts: These small, smooth warts are often found on the face and hands.
• Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminata): These warts are sexually transmitted and can occur on the genitals, anus, or surrounding areas.[7]

Complications:

• Pain and Discomfort: Warts located on weight-bearing areas, such as the soles of the feet, can cause pain and discomfort when walking or standing.
• Spread of Infection: Scratching or picking at warts can cause the virus to spread to other parts of the body or to other people.
• Scarring: In some cases, warts can leave behind scars after they are removed.
• Secondary Infection: Open sores caused by scratching or picking at warts can become infected with bacteria, leading to further complications.
• Psychological Distress: The appearance of warts, especially on visible areas like the face or hands, can cause embarrassment and low self-esteem.[9]

Investigations of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

• Dermoscopy: A non-invasive technique that uses a handheld magnifying device to examine the skin’s surface in greater detail.
• Biopsy: A small sample of the wart is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions, such as skin cancer.
• HPV testing: This test may be performed to identify the specific type of HPV causing the warts, especially in cases of genital warts.[1]

Treatment of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

• It is best to destroy the wart, by chemical, electrical or surgical means, the choice depending on the type and location of the wart. [1]
• Chemical cautery – With trichloroacetic acid (50%), phenol (95%) or salicylic acid (30–40%) can be used in any of the warts.
• Genital warts can be more easily treated with local application of 25% suspension of podophyllum in tincture benzoin.
• First Vaseline is applied on the skin surrounding the lesion to protect it from an overflow of the medicine.
• The podophyllum should be allowed to dry and after 2 hrs the whole area washed with soap and water.
• If the lesion is big, podophyllum may have to be repeated at weekly intervals. Some­ times the warts may disappear without any treatment.
• Cryotherapy – With liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide snow destroys the warts by freezing, and will leave no scar c. Electrocauterization – Under local anesthesia.
• Laser surgery – CO2 laser therapy clears chronic, recalcitrant lesions, pulsed dye laser for vascular component.
• Keratolytic agents. Salicylic acid (10–20%).
• Formalin (2–3%) soaks in water for 15 minutes for plantar warts.[1]

Home Remedies

• Use duct tape- Cut a piece that will just cover the wart. Stick it on and leave it there for six days. When you take the tape off, soak the area in water for a few minutes, then use a disposable emery board or pumice stone to file down the dead, thick skin. Leave the wart uncovered overnight and apply a new patch in the morning. Repeat the procedure until your wart-free.[3]
• Cover it in vitamin C. Crush a vitamin C tablet and add water to make a thick paste. Apply it to the wart and then cover it with a bandage.
• Be sure to dry off your wart after you wash, to reduce the chance of spreading the virus to someone else. When warts are wet, they seem to be more contagious.
• Don’t scratch or pick at warts.
• Apply freshly crushed garlic directly to the wart and cover with a bandage. The caustic effect of the garlic will cause the wart to blister and fall off in as little as one week.
• Plantar warts are sensitive to heat and may disappear in a few weeks if you soak your feet in hot water for a about 15 minutes a day.
• A popular folk remedy is to rub a juicy, freshly cut slice of raw potato over a wart. [3]

Prevention of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

To reduce your risk of common warts i.e.:

• Avoid direct contact with warts. Additionally, This includes your own warts.
• Don’t pick at warts. In detail, Picking may spread the virus.
• Don’t use the same emery board, pumice stone or nail clipper on your warts as you use on your healthy skin and nails. Use a disposable emery board.
• Don’t bite your fingernails. Besides this, Warts occur more often in skin that has been broken. Nibbling the skin around your fingernails opens the door for the virus.
• Groom with care. And avoid brushing, clipping or shaving areas that have warts. If you must shave, use an electric razor.[4]

Homeopathic Treatment of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis.

which includes

• The medical history of the patient,
• Physical and mental constitution,
• Family history,
• Presenting symptoms,
• Underlying pathology,
• Possible causative factors etc.

A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions.

What Homoeopathic doctors do?

A homeopathy doctor tries to treat more than just the presenting symptoms. The focus is usually on what caused the disease condition? Why ‘this patient’ is sick ‘this way’?.

The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness also looked for. No a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.

The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can greatly improved with homeopathic medicines.

Homeopathic Medicines for Viral Warts (Verrucae)

The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy.

Medicines:

Antimonium crudum (Ant-c.):

• Hard, smooth warts that often appear in groups.
• Irritability and a thickly coated white tongue also suggest the need for this remedy.
• The person may also overeat and have various digestive complaints.
• This remedy is mainly indicated in conditions that are aggravated by heat or by experience pain when not expected also benefit from back sulphide of antimony.
• Eczema with gastric derangement
• Pimples, vesicles also pustules.
• Thick, hard, honey colored scab.
• Measles like eruption, urticaria
• Itching when warm in bed.
• Scaly, pustular eruption with burning also itching.
• Symptoms worsen in the morning, from heat, acids, wine, water and washing. Whereas Better in open air, during rest and with moist warmth.

Calcarea carbonica (Calc.):

• Round, hard, solitary warts.
• Often useful for endophytic warts that have a horny wall surrounding a central depression.
• Indicated in people with clammy hands and feet who prefer routine and the familiar rather than change and the unknown.
• Unhealthy, readily ulcerating also flaccid skin.
• Small wound that does not heal easily.
• Swollen glands on the neck, head and near ears generally caused by infection or stress.
• Warts on face and hands.
• Eating dirt and other indigestible things.
• Symptoms worsen from physical exertion, cold weather, water, moist air, wet weather or due to standing for long periods of time. On the other hand, Better in dry climate

Causticum (Caust):

• Old, large warts on the face especially the nose, under the fingernails, or warts on fingertips that bleed easily suggest the need for this remedy.
• The warts also tend to be hard, inflamed, and painful and sit on whitish-yellow, dirty looking skin.
• People who benefit from this remedy tend fear that something awful will happen and feel intensely sympathetic about the hardship of others.
• This remedy is mainly helpful for people who have a white sallow skin wart, especially on the face.
• Burning, rawness and soreness in skin are characteristic symptoms for which causticum is prescribed.
• Large, jagged warts on the tips fingers and nose that bleed easily.
• Old, painful burns that do not heal.
• Reopened old injuries.
• A tendency to develop to intertrigo during teething.
• Symptoms worsen with dry, cold winds, in clear fine weather and cold air. On the other hand, Better in damp weather and warmth of the bed.

Cinnabaris (Cinnb):

• A common remedy for molluscum contagiosum that has a reddish periphery and keratosis.
• People needing this remedy may also be prone to sinusitis.

Dulcamara (Dulc):

• Flat warts located on backs of hands and face and soft brownish to black seborrheic warts found on the back.
• Indicated in people with rheumatic complaints that are worse in cold, damp weather or humidity.
• It is most useful for facial warts that are large, flat or smooth in nature.
• It is indicated for skin warts that appear on hands, arms and face during the menstrual period.
• Inflammation of lymph nodes.
• Itching that worsen in cold and wet weather.
• Swollen and indurated glands from cold.
• Thick brown yellow crusts that bleed when scratched.
• Symptoms worsen at night, from cold and damp weather. Whereas, Better from moving about and external warmth.

Ferrum picricum (Ferr-pic):

• Small pointed warts appearing in large groups.
• Also useful in some cases of either flat or plane warts with irregular borders that grow on the face, neck, wrists, hands and knees.
• Men may have prostatic enlargement.
• Failure of an organ under exertion e.g., the voice fails after public speaking.
• Corns with yellowish discoloration.
• Hands covered with warts.[2]

Graphites (Graph.):

• Especially in periungual warts or corn-like warts either on palms or soles of feet that may be tinged with yellow.
• Indicated in those who have trouble making a decision also who are prone to keloid scarring.

Natrum Muriaticum (Nat-m):

• An important remedy for warts on the palms of the hand also soles of the feet.
• Indicated in those who are closed, reserved also sensitive.

Nitricum Acidum (Nit-ac.):

• This remedy is specifically indicated in treating large, fissured or gold-yellow warts that itch and sting or bleed upon washing.
• This remedy is also indicated for people who are anxious about health also worry about cancer.
• Often useful for endophytic warts that have a horny wall surrounding a central depression or the more common plantar wart.
• Dry, rough and cracked skin.
• Eruptions on fingertips, knuckles also toes.
• Vesicular eruptions in patches also circles.
• Sores and raw skin on the sole of the feet.
• Symptoms worsen with long periods of sitting, summer heat, mental exertion, changes in weather also sun exposure.

Ruta graveolens (Ruta):

• This is a leading remedy especially for plantar warts, especially on the palms of the hand.
• People needing Ruta are prone to injuries of tendons also periosteum of bone.

Thuja occidentalis (Thuj):

• The most common remedy especially for various kinds of warts.
• Particularly indicated in isolated, jagged warts that smell or bleed easily or mosaic warts on the sole of the foot.
• Commonly needed for anogenital warts or butcher’s warts.
• Indicated in those prone to numerous growths or tumors also who worry too much about what people think of them.[2]
• Warts and ulcers arising in anogenital region.
• Excessive perspiration with freckles and blotches.
• Dry skin with brown spots.
• Eruption on covered parts that worse especially after scratching.
• Brown spots on hands also arms.
• Symptoms worse at night from heat of the bed, Col, damp air, after breakfast or coffee, in higher-weight person and after vaccination.

Diet & Regimen of Viral Warts (Verrucae):

Foods to be taken i.e.

• Vegetables like spinach, kale, broccoli are high in vitamins also minerals that boost your immune system to fight viruses.
• Furthermore, Foods like these that boost the immune system can decrease warts by fighting HPV.
• Fruits are also effective for boosting the immune system and decreasing warts. Fruits like blueberries, tomatoes, cherries, pumpkin are some of the examples.
• Lastly, Foods high in proteins like meat, fish, buts, whole grains are beneficial for warts.[3]

Foods to be avoided i.e.

• Refined and processed foods like white breads also pastas
• Foods with trans fats like cakes, cookies, crackers, donuts
• Fast foods like onion rings also French fries
• Food high in sugar.

Do’s & Don’ts of Viral Warts (Verrucae)

Viral Warts (Verrucae) do’s & don’ts 

Do’s:

• Consult a doctor or dermatologist:They can properly diagnose the type of wart and recommend appropriate treatment options.
• Keep warts clean and covered: This helps prevent the spread of the virus to other parts of your body or to other people.
• Wash your hands thoroughly: After touching warts, this is crucial to avoid spreading the virus.   
• Consider preventive measures: Such as the HPV vaccine, particularly for genital warts.
• Practice good hygiene: Avoid sharing personal items like towels, razors, or nail clippers.
• Wear shoes in public areas:Especially in locker rooms and showers to prevent plantar warts.
• Be patient with treatment:It may take several weeks or even months for warts to disappear completely.

Don’ts:

• Not pick or scratch at warts: This can cause them to bleed, spread the virus, and potentially lead to infection.
• Don’t try to remove warts yourself:Leave this to a healthcare professional to avoid complications.
• Don’t share personal items: This includes towels, razors, nail clippers, or anything that may have come into contact with warts.
• Never ignore warts: While they may disappear on their own, it’s best to seek medical advice to ensure proper treatment and prevent spreading.
• Don’t walk barefoot in public areas: This increases the risk of contracting plantar warts.

Terminology:

Viral Warts

• Definition: Small, rough growths on the skin caused by a viral infection, specifically by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

• Definition: A group of viruses that can cause warts and other skin growths. Some types of HPV can also lead to cancer.

Transmission

• Definition: The process by which a virus or other infectious agent spreads from one person to another.

Contagious

• Definition: Capable of being transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.

Incubation Period

• Definition: The time between exposure to a virus and the appearance of symptoms.

Lesions

• Definition: Areas of damaged or abnormal tissue.

Plantar Warts

• Definition: Warts that develop on the soles of the feet.

Flat Warts

• Definition: Small, flat-topped warts that often occur on the face or legs.

Genital Warts

• Definition: Warts that develop on or around the genitals or anus.

Immunocompromised

• Definition: Having a weakened immune system.

Other Examples:

Cryotherapy

• Definition: A treatment that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy warts.

Topical Medications

• Definition: Medications applied directly to the skin.

Salicylic Acid

• Definition: A medication used to treat warts by softening and peeling away the affected skin.

Surgical Excision

• Definition: The removal of warts through surgery.

Recurrence

• Definition: The return of warts after treatment.

Prevention

• Definition: Measures taken to avoid getting warts.

Vaccination

• Definition: The administration of a vaccine to help the body develop immunity against HPV.

General Homeopathic Terms:

• Similia Similibus Curentur: This Latin phrase translates to "like cures like" and is the fundamental principle of homeopathy. It suggests that a substance that can cause symptoms in a healthy person can also cure similar symptoms in a sick person when given in a highly diluted form.
• Potency: Refers to the number of times a homeopathic remedy has been diluted and succussed (shaken vigorously). Higher potencies are believed to be more potent and act on a deeper level.
• Repertory: A comprehensive index of symptoms and the homeopathic remedies associated with them. It aids homeopaths in selecting the most appropriate remedy based on the patient’s symptoms.
• Materia Medica: A detailed compilation of the properties and effects of homeopathic remedies, including their symptom picture and clinical indications.

Other Examples:

• Constitutional Remedy: A remedy chosen based on the patient’s overall physical, mental, and emotional characteristics, rather than just the specific symptoms of the warts.
• Proving: A process in which healthy volunteers take a homeopathic remedy and record the symptoms they experience. This information helps build the remedy’s symptom picture in the Materia Medica.
• Aggravation: A temporary worsening of symptoms after taking a homeopathic remedy. It is often seen as a positive sign that the remedy is working.
• Vital Force: The innate healing energy within the body that homeopaths believe is stimulated by the remedy.

References:

1.  Text book of medicine by Golwala
2.  https://madhavuniversity.edu.in/warts.html
3.  https://www.mtatva.com/en/disease/warts-treatment-diet-and-home-remedies/
4.  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20371125
5. A study published in 2018 ("Prevalence and Burden Related to Genital Warts in India")
6. A study published in 2003 ("Viral Warts-A Clinico-Epidemiological Study")

7. Bolognia, J. L., Jorizzo, J. L., & Schaffer, J. V. (2018) Dermatology (4th ed.). Elsevier.

8. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine, Ninth Edition

9. Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology 13th Edition.

Also Search As:

• Online Search Engines: Use search engines like Google, DuckDuckGo, or Bing. Type in keywords such as "homeopathic treatment for viral warts," "homeopathy for warts research," or "homeopathic remedies for warts."
• Homeopathic Journals and Databases: Access online databases and journals dedicated to homeopathy. These often contain peer-reviewed articles and research studies.
• Homeopathic Websites and Blogs: Many homeopathic organizations and practitioners have websites and blogs where they share information and articles on various health conditions, including viral warts.
• Libraries: Visit your local library or university library. They may have books and journals on homeopathy that include information about viral warts.
• Consult a Homeopathic Practitioner: Ask a qualified homeopathic practitioner for recommendations on reliable sources of information on viral warts and their homeopathic treatment.

ways:

Visual inspection:

Most warts have a distinctive appearance, often as small, rough, flesh-colored bumps on the skin.

They can appear anywhere on the body but are commonly found on the hands, feet, and face. Some warts may have tiny black dots, which are clotted blood vessels

Self-examination:

You can perform a self-examination at home to check for warts. Look for any unusual bumps or growths on your skin, especially in areas prone to warts, like the hands and feet. Pay close attention to areas where you’ve had warts before, as they can recur.

Dermatologist examination: