Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Definition
ADHD is a psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopmental type where the patient manifests worrisome behavior in the form of inattention, hyperactivity and / or impulsivity in such a manner that it affects their daily routine.
Here are some synonyms and related terms for ADHD, depending on the context you need:
Informal synonyms:
- ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder): This is an older term that is no longer the preferred diagnosis but can still be used informally.
- Short attention span
- Hyperactivity
Clinical terms:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): This is the full and most accurate term.
- Hyperkinetic disorder (rare): This term emphasizes the hyperactivity aspect of ADHD.
Descriptive terms:
- Executive function disorder: This highlights the challenges with planning, organization, and self-control that are common with ADHD.
- Attention problems: This focuses on the inattentive aspect of ADHD.
- Impulsivity disorder: This emphasizes the difficulty with impulse control that can be a symptom of ADHD.
Remember:
- When referring to a diagnosis, it’s best to use the most accurate term, which is ADHD.
- Informal terms like "ADD" or "short attention span" might be appropriate in casual conversation, but they don’t capture the full scope of the disorder.
- Descriptive terms can be helpful to highlight specific aspects of ADHD, but they shouldn’t be used as a substitute for the diagnosis itself.
Overview
Epidemiology
Causes
Types
Risk Factors
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Sign & Symptoms
Clinical Examination
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention
Homeopathic Treatment
Diet & Regimen
Do's & Don'ts
Terminology
References
Also Search As
Overview
Overview of ADHD
What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)is a common behavioral disorder. Formerly, it thought to be a disease of childhood, it is now known to be present in adults too.
ADHD usually begins by the age of 6 to 12 years and to be confirmed, the symptoms need to be present for more than 6 months. Generally, It can impose problems in different aspects of life including relationships, social interactions as well in school or workplace. For this reason, it needs to be managed at the earliest.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
The Indian epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been investigated in several studies:
- Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Bora et al., 2020) found a pooled prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 5.1%-9.8%) among children and adolescents.[6]
- Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in primary school children (Venkata et al., 2013) found a higher prevalence of ADHD among males compared to females (ratio 3:1) and a maximum prevalence in children aged 9 and 10 years.[7]
These studies suggest that ADHD is a significant concern in India, with a prevalence rate comparable to global estimates.
Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of all studies on the Indian epidemiology of ADHD. Further research is needed to better understand the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of ADHD in different populations and regions of India.
Causes
Causes
While the exact cause of ADHD is not clear, research efforts continue. Factors that may be involved in the development of ADHD include genetics, the environment or problems with the central nervous system at key moments in development.[2]
- Brain injury
- Exposure to environmental risks (e.g., lead) during pregnancy or at a young age
- Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy
- Premature delivery
- Low birth weight
Other Causes
- eating too much sugar,
- watching too much television,
- parenting,
- social and
- environmental factors such as poverty or family chaos.
Of course, many things, including these, might make symptoms worse, especially in certain people.[1]
Types
Risk Factors
Risk factors
It may include:
- Blood relatives, such as a parent or sibling, with ADHD or another mental health disorder
- Exposure to environmental toxins — such as lead, found mainly in paint and pipes in older buildings
- Maternal drug use, alcohol use or smoking during pregnancy
- Premature birth[2]
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is complex and involves an interplay of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.
According to Barkley, R.A. (2015). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (4th ed.). Guilford Press, the primary deficit in ADHD lies in behavioral inhibition, or the ability to withhold a prepotent response, interrupt an ongoing response, and protect an ongoing response from distractions. This core deficit leads to impairments in executive functions, which are the higher-order cognitive processes that control and regulate our thoughts and actions.
Specifically, Barkley’s model highlights the following key components of ADHD pathogenesis:
Inhibition Deficits: Individuals with ADHD have difficulty inhibiting impulsive behaviors, delaying gratification, and regulating their emotions.
Working Memory Impairment: They struggle to hold information in mind and use it to guide their behavior, leading to problems with planning, organization, and problem-solving.
Internalization of Speech Impairment: They have difficulty using inner speech to self-regulate and guide their behavior, resulting in difficulties with self-motivation, goal-directed behavior, and time management.
Self-Regulation of Affect/Motivation/Arousal Impairment: They have difficulty regulating their emotions, motivation, and arousal levels, which can lead to impulsivity, emotional outbursts, and difficulty sustaining attention.
Reconstitution (Analysis and Synthesis of Behavior) Impairment: They struggle to break down complex tasks into smaller steps and to analyze and synthesize information, leading to difficulties with problem-solving and learning.
These impairments in executive functions contribute to the characteristic symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.[10]
In addition to Barkley’s model, other books, such as
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer,
provide further insights into the neurobiological basis of ADHD. They discuss the role of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, as well as structural and functional brain abnormalities, in the development and maintenance of ADHD.[8]
Understanding the pathogenesis of ADHD is crucial for developing effective interventions and treatments. By targeting the underlying neuropsychological and neurobiological mechanisms, we can help individuals with ADHD manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
The exact pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is not clear.
With this said, several mechanisms have been proposed as factors associated with the condition.
These include abnormalities in the functioning of neurotransmitters, brain structure and cognitive function.
Although it remains unknown if these mechanisms cause or are consequences of the condition, they appear to be linked to the pathophysiology of ADHD and are evident in affected individuals.[5]
Clinical Features
Clinical Features
In "Taking Charge of ADHD, 4th Edition: The Complete, Authoritative Guide for Parents" by Russell A. Barkley (2013, Guilford Press), the clinical features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are described as follows:
Core Symptoms:
Inattention:
- Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
- Makes careless mistakes due to lack of attention to details.
- Appears not to listen when spoken to directly.
- Difficulty following through on instructions and completing tasks.
- Problems with organization and time management.
- Avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental effort.
- Frequent loss of items necessary for tasks or activities.
- Easy distractibility.
- Forgetfulness in daily activities.
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity:
- Fidgeting or squirming in seat.
- Leaving seat in situations where remaining seated is expected.
- Running or climbing excessively in inappropriate situations (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless).
- Difficulty playing or engaging in activities quietly.
- Often "on the go" or acting as if "driven by a motor."
- Talking excessively.
- Blurting out answers before questions have been completed.
- Difficulty waiting their turn.
- Interrupting or intruding on others (e.g., butting into conversations or games).
Additional Features:
- Emotional dysregulation: Difficulty managing emotions, leading to outbursts, irritability, and low frustration tolerance.
- Impaired executive function: Challenges with planning, organization, time management, working memory, and self-regulation.
- Social difficulties: Difficulty making and maintaining friendships, understanding social cues, and regulating emotions in social situations.
- Academic and occupational problems: Underachievement in school or work due to inattention, impulsivity, and difficulties with organization.
- Coexisting conditions: ADHD often coexists with other conditions like learning disorders, anxiety, depression, and oppositional defiant disorder.
Important Note:
The presence of these symptoms does not necessarily mean an individual has ADHD. A comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.[13]
The clinical features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are well-documented in several books:
- Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. This comprehensive textbook provides a detailed overview of the core symptoms of ADHD, including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It also discusses the associated features, such as emotional dysregulation, social difficulties, and learning problems.[8]
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. The DSM-5 outlines the specific diagnostic criteria for ADHD, detailing the behavioral manifestations and impairment thresholds required for diagnosis.[9]
- Barkley, R. A. (2015). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). Guilford Press. This book delves into the nuances of ADHD presentation, exploring the different subtypes (predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined) and the developmental trajectory of symptoms.[10]
These books offer valuable insights into the clinical features of ADHD, helping clinicians to accurately identify and assess the disorder. They also provide a foundation for understanding the challenges faced by individuals with ADHD and developing effective treatment strategies.
Sign & Symptoms
Sign & Symptoms
Inattention i.e.
- Easy distraction
- Day dreaming
- Difficulty in focusing
Hyperactivity i.e.
- Fidgety, continuous motion
- Non-stop talking
- Difficulty doing tasks and activities
Impulsivity i.e.
- Interfering in others’ work
- Very impatient
- React very strangely to situations and can harm others
Here are 14 common signs of ADHD in children:
1. Self-focused behavior i.e.
A common sign of ADHD is what looks like an inability to recognize other people’s needs and desires. After that, this can lead to the next two signs.
2. Interrupting i.e.
Self-focused behavior may cause a child with ADHD to interrupt others while they’re talking or butt into conversations or games they’re not part of.
3. Trouble waiting their turn i.e.
Kids with ADHD may have trouble waiting their turn during classroom activities or when playing games with other children.
4. Emotional turmoil i.e.
A child with ADHD may have trouble keeping their emotions in check. In Detail, They may have outbursts of anger at inappropriate times. Younger children may have temper tantrums.
5. Fidgetiness i.e.
Children with ADHD often can’t sit still. They may try to get up and run around, fidget, or squirm in their chair when forced to sit.
6. Problems playing quietly i.e.
In Brief, fidgetiness can make it difficult for kids with ADHD to play quietly or engage calmly in leisure activities.
7. Unfinished tasks i.e.
A child with ADHD may show interest in lots of different things, but they may have problems finishing them. For example, they may start projects, chores, or homework, but move on to the next thing that catches their interest before finishing.
8. Lack of focus i.e.
A child with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, even when someone is speaking directly to them. They’ll say they heard you, but they won’t be able to repeat back to you what you just said.
9. Avoidance of tasks needing extended mental effort i.e.
This same lack of focus can cause a child to avoid activities that require a sustained mental effort, such as paying attention in class or doing homework.
10. Mistakes i.e.
Children with ADHD can have trouble following instructions that require planning or executing a plan. This can then lead to careless mistakes, but it doesn’t indicate laziness or a lack of intelligence.
11. Daydreaming i.e.
Children with ADHD aren’t always rambunctious and loud. Another sign of ADHD is being quieter and less involved than other kids. A child with ADHD may stare into space, daydream, and ignore what’s going on around them.
12. Trouble getting organized i.e.
A child with ADHD may have trouble keeping track of tasks and activities. After all, this may cause problems at school, as they can find it hard to prioritize homework, school projects, and other assignments.
13. Forgetfulness i.e.
Kids with ADHD may be forgetful in daily activities. They may forget to do chores or their homework. They may also lose things often, such as toys.
14. Symptoms in multiple settings i.e.
A child with ADHD will show symptoms of the condition in more than one setting. For instance, they may show lack of focus both in school and at home.
Clinical Examination
Clinical Examination
In "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Fourth Edition: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment" by Russell A. Barkley (2015, Guilford Press), the clinical examination for ADHD is described as a multi-faceted process that involves:
Clinical Interviews:
In-depth interviews with the individual (and parents/caregivers in the case of children) to gather information about:
- Current symptoms: The specific behaviors that are causing concern, their frequency, intensity, and duration.
- Developmental history: Milestones in development, any learning difficulties, or previous diagnoses.
- Family history: Any history of ADHD or other mental health conditions in the family.
- Medical history: Any medical conditions or medications that could contribute to the symptoms.
- Social history: The individual’s relationships, academic performance, and overall functioning in different settings.
Rating Scales and Questionnaires:
Standardized tools to assess the severity of ADHD symptoms and compare them to age-appropriate norms. Commonly used scales include:
Behavioral Observations:
Direct observation of the individual’s behavior in different settings (e.g., clinic, school, home) to assess attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity levels.
Optional Neuropsychological Testing:
In some cases, neuropsychological testing may be recommended to assess cognitive functions like attention, memory, and executive functions, helping to rule out other conditions and identify co-occurring learning difficulties.
Important Considerations:
- There are no specific physical or laboratory tests for ADHD. The diagnosis relies on a comprehensive evaluation of the individual’s history and behavior.
- Multiple informants (parents, teachers, caregivers) should be involved in the assessment process, especially for children.
- A qualified healthcare professional with expertise in ADHD, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or developmental-behavioral pediatrician, should conduct the evaluation.[10]
The clinical examination for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) primarily involves a comprehensive assessment of the individual’s history and behavior, rather than a specific physical examination. Several books provide guidance on the clinical assessment of ADHD:
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
This textbook emphasizes the importance of obtaining a detailed developmental and psychosocial history, including information about academic performance, social interactions, and family dynamics. It also highlights the need for collateral information from parents, teachers, and other caregivers.[8]
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
The DSM-5 provides the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and outlines the specific symptoms and impairment thresholds required for diagnosis. It also recommends the use of standardized rating scales and structured interviews to aid in the assessment process.[9]
Barkley, R. A. (2015). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
This book offers a comprehensive approach to the clinical assessment of ADHD, including the use of behavioral observations, neuropsychological testing, and rating scales. It also provides guidance on differential diagnosis and the identification of comorbid conditions.[10]
These books emphasize that the clinical examination for ADHD should be thorough and individualized, taking into account the unique developmental and contextual factors of each individual. It should also involve a collaborative effort between the clinician, the individual with ADHD, and their family or caregivers.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
There is no single test to diagnose ADHD, and many other problems, like anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and certain types of learning disabilities, can have similar symptoms.
One step of the process involves having a medical exam, including hearing and vision tests, to rule out other problems with symptoms like ADHD.
Diagnosing ADHD usually includes a checklist for rating ADHD symptoms and taking a history of the child from parents, teachers, and sometimes, the child.[1]
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of ADHD
- Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- Conduct disorder
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- Learning disabilities
- Substance use disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Mood disorders
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Tic disorder or Tourette syndrome[2]
Complications
Complications
What can ADHD lead to?
- Difficulty in coping up with life
- Failure in academics also job
- Relationship problems
- Impulsiveness harming others
- Suicidal disposition
Investigations
Investigation
The tests may include:
- A medical and social history of both the child and the family.
- A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision, hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if hyperactivity may be related to another physical problem.
- An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age.
- A scan called the Neuropsychiatric EEG-Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) System, which measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it.[4]
Treatment
Treatment
Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments.
Medication
For many people, ADHD medications reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve their ability to focus, work, and learn.
Stimulants
it works by increasing the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which play essential roles in thinking and attention.
Non-stimulants
when a person has bothersome side effects from stimulants, when a stimulant was not effective, or in combination with a stimulant to increase effectiveness.[3]
Prevention
Prevention of ADHD
- During pregnancy, avoid anything that could harm fetal development. For example, don’t drink alcohol, use recreational drugs or smoke cigarettes.
- Protect your child from exposure to pollutants and toxins, including cigarette smoke and lead paint.
- Limit screen time. Although still unproved, it may be prudent for children to avoid excessive exposure to TV and video games in the first five years of life.[2]
Homeopathic Treatment
Homeopathic Treatment of ADHD
Which includes
- The medical history of the patient,
- Physical and mental constitution,
- Family history,
- Presenting symptoms,
- Underlying pathology,
- Possible causative factors etc.
A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions.
What Homoeopathic doctors do?
A homeopathy doctor tries to treat more than just the presenting symptoms. The focus is usually on what caused the disease condition? Why ‘this patient’ is sick ‘this way’?
The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness also looked for. Now a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.
The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can greatly improve with homeopathic medicines.
Homeopathic Medicines of ADHD:
The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy, potency and repetition of dose by Homeopathic doctor.
So, here we describe homeopathic medicine only for reference and education purpose. Do not take medicines without consulting registered homeopathic doctor (BHMS or M.D. Homeopath).
Some of the most effective homeopathic remedies:
The role of Homeopathy in treatment of disorders having a neuropsychiatric base cannot be understated. As an illustration, the highly individualistic and yet holistic approach of the science ensures that the disease is uprooted from its very foundations and a healthier person emerges out in the world.
Homeopathic treatment for ADHD reduces the aggressiveness, restlessness also obstinacy of the child and can modify them to be calmer and more in control of their daily activities.
Tarentula –
in particular, it is Indicated in people who are extremely restless, destructive, throw temper tantrums and have a deceitful nature.
Silicea –
Headstrong children who are peevish and cross also show marked lack of attention.
Tuberculinum–
Indicated in cases of destructive behavior, especially, people of very irritable and restless, love to travel and amuse themselves.
Hyoscyamus–
Violent children who have a tendency to throw things. Additionally, Such children also love to remove their clothes much to the chagrin of people around them.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex mental health disorder that can affect your child’s success at school as well as their relationships. Moreover, The symptoms of ADHD vary and are sometimes difficult to recognize. Many of the individual symptoms of ADHD are customary for any child to experience. So that, to make a diagnosis of ADHD, your child’s doctor will need to evaluate your child using several criteria. ADHD is generally diagnosed in children by the time they’re teenagers, with the average age of diagnosis being 7 years old. Older children exhibiting symptoms may have ADHD, but they’ve often exhibited rather elaborate symptoms early in life. (For information about ADHD symptoms in adults, this article can help.)
Diet & Regimen
Diet and Regimen
Regimen and Diet
Diet
- Protein: Provides sustained energy and supports neurotransmitter production. Good sources include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, and dairy.
- Complex Carbohydrates: Offer a steady release of glucose, preventing energy crashes. Choose whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Crucial for brain health and may improve attention and cognitive function. Find them in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
- Iron and Zinc: Deficiencies may be linked to ADHD symptoms. Include iron-rich foods like lean meats, spinach, and beans, and zinc-rich foods like beef, pumpkin seeds, and chickpeas.
Regimen :
- Regular Mealtimes: Establish a consistent eating schedule to help regulate blood sugar levels and improve focus.
- Hydration: Dehydration can worsen ADHD symptoms, so drink plenty of water throughout the day.
- Mindful Eating: Encourage slow, focused eating to improve awareness of hunger and fullness cues.
- Limit Distractions: Minimize distractions during mealtimes to promote better digestion and focus on the food.
Do's & Don'ts
Do’s & Don’ts
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Do’s & Don’ts
Do’s
Do seek professional help:
Consult with a healthcare professional to get an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Do educate yourself about ADHD:
Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for ADHD. This will help you understand your child’s challenges and support their needs.
Do establish routines and structure:
Set consistent schedules for meals, sleep, homework, and activities. This can help children with ADHD feel more organized and focused.
Do break tasks into smaller, manageable steps:
This can make tasks feel less overwhelming and increase the likelihood of completion.
Do provide clear and concise instructions:
Use simple language and visual aids to help children with ADHD understand and follow directions.
Do offer positive reinforcement and praise:
Focus on rewarding positive behaviors rather than punishing negative ones. This can boost self-esteem and motivation.
Do be patient and understanding:
Remember that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, not a character flaw. Offer support and encouragement to your child as they navigate their challenges.
Do explore different treatment options:
Consider a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and other interventions that may be helpful for managing ADHD symptoms.
Do communicate with teachers and other caregivers:
Share information about your child’s diagnosis and treatment plan with their teachers, coaches, and other caregivers to ensure consistent support.
Do prioritize self-care:
Caring for a child with ADHD can be demanding. Make sure to take care of yourself by getting enough sleep, eating healthy, and engaging in activities you enjoy.
Don’ts
Don’t blame yourself or your child:
ADHD is not caused by bad parenting or a lack of willpower. It’s a neurobiological condition that requires understanding and support.
Don’t expect perfection:
Children with ADHD will make mistakes and face challenges. Focus on progress, not perfection.
Don’t rely solely on punishment:
Punishment is rarely effective in managing ADHD symptoms and can damage self-esteem. Instead, focus on positive reinforcement and constructive feedback.
Don’t overload your child with activities:
Children with ADHD need downtime to recharge. Avoid over-scheduling and allow for unstructured play and relaxation.
Don’t compare your child to others:
Every child with ADHD is unique. Focus on their individual strengths and challenges, rather than comparing them to other children.
Don’t give up:
Managing ADHD can be a long-term process. Stay committed to your child’s treatment plan and seek support when needed.
By following these do’s and don’ts, you can create a supportive environment for your child with ADHD and help them thrive. Remember, patience, understanding, and consistency are key to helping children with ADHD succeed.
Do’s and Don’ts for managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are addressed in various books, offering guidance for both individuals with ADHD and their caregivers:
Barkley, R. A. (2015). Taking charge of ADHD: The complete, authoritative guide for parents (3rd ed.). Guilford Press. This book provides practical tips for parents, including:
- Do: Establish clear routines and expectations, break tasks into smaller steps, use positive reinforcement, and seek professional support.
- Don’t: Overreact to minor misbehavior, rely solely on punishment, or expect overnight changes.[10]
Quinn, P. O., & Stern, J. M. (2016). Putting on the brakes: Young people’s guide to understanding and managing ADHD (3rd ed.). Guilford Press. This guide for young people with ADHD offers advice on:
Hallowell, E. M., & Ratey, J. J. (2011). Driven to distraction at work: How to focus and be more productive (Revised ed.). Ballantine Books. This book focuses on adults with ADHD and recommends:
- Do: Identify strengths and weaknesses, create a structured work environment, utilize technology tools, and advocate for accommodations.
- Don’t: Overcommit, multitask excessively, or neglect self-care.[12]
These resources provide a wealth of information on the do’s and don’ts for managing ADHD, tailored to different age groups and settings. By following the recommendations in these books, individuals with ADHD and their families can develop effective strategies for managing the challenges of ADHD and maximizing their potential.
Terminology
Terminology
The homeopathic article on ADHD uses several key terminologies:
- Neurodevelopmental disorder: A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. Thedisorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
- Inattention: Difficulty focusing, being easily distracted, and having trouble following through on tasks.
- Hyperactivity: Excessive movement, fidgeting, or restlessness.
- Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, interrupting others, or making rash decisions.
- Homeopathy: A system of alternative medicine based on the principle that "like cures like."
- Homeopathic remedy: A highly diluted substance used in homeopathy to treat various symptoms.
- Miasm: A predisposition to certain types of diseases, according to homeopathic theory.
- Constitution: The physical and mental makeup of an individual, considered important in homeopathic treatment.
Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of all the terminologies used in the article. However, it covers some of the key terms that are important for understanding the homeopathic approach to ADHD.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
References
References
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html#:~:text=ADHD%20is%20one%20of%20the,)%2C%20or%20be%20overly%20active.
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
- https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
- https://www.news-medical.net/health/ADHD-Pathophysiology.aspx#:~:text=The%20exact%20pathophysiology%20of%20Attention,brain%20structure%20and%20cognitive%20function.
- Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Bora et al., 2020)
- Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in primary school children (Venkata et al., 2013)
- Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Barkley, R. A. (2015). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
- Quinn, P. O., & Stern, J. M. (2016). Putting on the brakes: Young people’s guide to understanding and managing ADHD (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Hallowell, E. M., & Ratey, J. J. (2011). Driven to distraction at work: How to focus and be more productive (Revised ed.). Ballantine Books.
- Barkley, R. A. (2013). Taking charge of ADHD: The complete, authoritative guide for parents (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Also Search As
Also Search As
To find the homeopathic article on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), people can use the following search terms on search engines like Google:
- "Homeopathy for ADHD"
- "Homeopathic treatment for ADHD"
- "Homeopathic remedies for ADHD"
- "Natural treatment for ADHD"
- "Alternative treatment for ADHD"
Additionally, they can search for specific homeopathic remedies mentioned in the article, such as:
- "Hyoscyamus niger for ADHD"
- "Stramonium for ADHD"
- "Cina for ADHD"
- "Veratrum album for ADHD"
- "Tarentula hispanica for ADHD"
Using these search terms should help them find relevant articles and information about the homeopathic approach to managing ADHD.
There are several ways to search for articles online, depending on where you’re looking and what kind of information you need:
General Search Engines (Google, Bing, etc.)
- Use specific keywords: Try phrases like "homeopathy for ADHD," "homeopathic remedies for ADHD," or "natural treatment for ADHD."
- Include additional terms: Add terms like "children," "adults," or "case studies" to narrow your search.
- Filter by date: If you’re looking for recent research, set a date range for your search.
Specialized Databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, etc.)
- Use advanced search options: These databases often allow you to search by author, journal, publication date, or specific fields like title or abstract.
- Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT): Combine keywords to refine your search. For example, search for "homeopathy AND ADHD" to find articles that discuss both topics.
- Look for relevant subject headings: These databases use standardized terms to categorize articles, which can help you find related research.
Social Media and Online Communities
- Join groups or forums: Many online communities focus on homeopathy or ADHD, where you can ask questions and find relevant articles shared by other users.
- Follow relevant hashtags: Hashtags like #homeopathy or #ADHD can help you discover articles and discussions on social media platforms.
Directly on Websites or Blogs
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What causes ADHD?
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?
ADHD is a psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopmental type where the patient manifests worrisome behavior in the form of inattention, hyperactivity and / or impulsivity in such a manner that it affects their daily routine.
How does homeopathic treatment for ADHD work?
Homeopathy aims to stimulate the body’s innate healing abilities by using highly diluted substances that, in larger doses, could produce symptoms similar to those being treated. In the case of ADHD, homeopathic remedies may help address underlying imbalances and promote overall well-being, potentially leading to improved focus, attention, and emotional regulation.
Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?
- Self-focused behavior
- Interrupting
- Trouble waiting their turn
- Emotional turmoil
- Fidgetiness
- Problems playing quietly
- Unfinished tasks
- Lack of focus
- Mistakes
- Daydreaming
- Forgetfulness
Complications of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?
- Difficulty in coping up with life
- Failure in academics and job
- Relationship problems
- Impulsiveness harming others
- Suicidal disposition
Homeopathic Medicines used by Homeopathic Doctors in treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?
Homoeopathic Medicine For ADHD
- Tarentula
- Silicea
- Tuberculinum
- Hyoscyamus
- Veratrum album
- Tarentula hispanica