Overview
Epidemiology
Causes
Types
Risk Factors
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Sign & Symptoms
Clinical Examination
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention
Homeopathic Treatment
Diet & Regimen
Do’s and Don'ts
Terminology
References
Also Search As
Overview
Overview Of Fracture
It is a common presenting symptom of osteoporosis, but they also occur in other bone diseases, in osteopenia and in some patients with normal bone. [1]
Significant percentage of bone fractures occur because of high force impact or stress.
Most bone fractures are caused by falls and accidents. [2]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
There are several studies on the epidemiology of fractures in India, each focusing on different aspects and populations:
Epidemiology of fractures in indoor patients at a tertiary care centre in India: a study of 3000 cases (2022): This study investigated the types and causes of fractures among indoor patients at a tertiary care center. It found that falls were the most common cause, followed by road traffic accidents. (International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics)[4]
Injury Mechanisms of Hip Fractures in India (2021): This study focused on hip fractures and found that simple falls were the leading cause, especially among the Older People. (Hip and Pelvis)[5]
Incidence of fractures in 2–18 years old affluent Indian children: a multicentre study (2012): This study examined fractures in children and adolescents from affluent families across different regions of India. It identified risk factors such as physical activity and nutritional status.[6]
These studies provide valuable insights into the burden and patterns of fractures in India, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and other studies may exist on the topic. It is recommended to consult academic databases for further research.
Causes
Cause Of Fracture
The most common causes of fractures are i.e.:
Trauma:
- A fall, a motor vehicle accident, or a tackle during a sports game can all result in fractures.
Osteoporosis:
- This disorder weakens bones also makes them more likely to break.
Overuse:
- Repetitive motion can tire muscles also place more force on bone.
- This can result in stress fractures.
- Stress fractures are more common in athletes.
Types
Types Of Fracture
There are several different ways in which a bone can fracture; for example, a break to the bone that does not damage surrounding tissue or tear through the skin is known as a closed fracture.
On the other hand, one that damages surrounding skin and penetrates the skin is known as a compound fracture or an open fracture.
Compound fractures are generally more serious than simple fractures, because, by definition, they are infected.
There is a range of fracture types, including:
Different type:
Avulsion i.e.:
- A muscle or ligament pulls on the bone, additionally; fracturing it.
Comminuted fracture i.e.:
- Basically, The bone is shattered into many pieces.
Compression (crush) fracture i.e.:
- Generally occurs in the spongy bone in the spine.
- For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis.
Fracture dislocation i.e.:
- A joint becomes dislocated, also one of the bones of the joint has a fracture.
Green stick i.e.:
- The bone partly fractures on one side, but does not break completely because the rest of the bone can bend.
- This is more common among children, whose bones are softer and more elastic.
Hairline fracture i.e.:
- A partial fracture of the bone.
- Moreover, Sometimes this type of fracture is harder to detect with routine x rays.
Impacted i.e.:
- When the bone is fractured, one fragment of bone goes into another.
Intra articular fracture i.e.:
- In general, Where the break extends into the surface of a joint.
Longitudinal i.e.:
- The break is along the length of the bone.
Oblique fracture i.e.:
- It is especially, diagonal to a bone’s long axis.
Pathological fracture i.e.:
- When an underlying disease or condition has already weakened the bone, resulting in a fracture (especially bone fracture caused by an underlying disease/condition that weakened the bone).
Spiral i.e.:
- At least one part of the bone has been twisted.
Stress i.e.:
- More common among athletes.
- A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains.
Torus (buckle) i.e.:
- Bone deforms but does not crack.
- More common in children.
- It is painful but stable.
Transverse fracture i.e.:
- A straight break right across a bone. [2]
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
The risk factors for fractures can be categorized into two main groups:
Unmodifiable Risk Factors
- Age: The risk of fractures increases with age, especially after 50 years.
- Gender: Women are more prone to fractures than men, particularly after menopause.
- Family history: A family history of fractures increases the risk of developing fractures.
- Previous fracture: A history of previous fractures increases the risk of future fractures.
- Ethnicity: Caucasian and Asian women are at higher risk of fractures compared to women of other ethnicities.
- Certain medical conditions: Conditions like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and hyperthyroidism can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures.
Modifiable Risk Factors
- Low calcium and vitamin D intake: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. Inadequate intake can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures.
- Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise weakens bones and muscles, increasing the risk of falls and fractures.
- Smoking: Smoking reduces bone density and increases the risk of fractures.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with calcium absorption and weaken bones.
- Low body weight: Being underweight increases the risk of fractures.
- Certain medications: Medications like corticosteroids and some anticonvulsants can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures.
- Falls: Falls are a major cause of fractures, especially in older adults.[7]
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis of Fracture
A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. The pathogenesis of a fracture involves the interaction of mechanical forces exceeding the bone’s strength and the underlying bone quality.
Mechanical Forces
The mechanical forces that can cause a fracture include:
- Direct force: A fracture occurs at the point of impact due to a direct blow.
- Indirect force: A fracture occurs at a distance from the point of impact due to transmission of force along the bone.
- Twisting force: A fracture occurs due to a rotational force applied to the bone.
- Repeated stress: A fracture occurs due to repeated application of stress below the ultimate strength of the bone.
Bone Quality
The bone quality plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a fracture. Factors affecting bone quality include:
- Bone density: Decreased bone density, as seen in osteoporosis, increases the risk of fractures.
- Bone microstructure: Alterations in bone microstructure, such as decreased trabecular bone connectivity, can weaken the bone.
- Bone mineralization: Impaired bone mineralization, as seen in osteomalacia, can lead to weaker bones.
- Underlying bone diseases: Conditions like Paget’s disease, bone tumors, and infections can weaken the bone and increase the risk of fractures.
Pathophysiological Process
The pathophysiological process of a fracture involves the following steps:
- Bone failure: The mechanical forces exceed the bone’s strength, leading to a break in the continuity of the bone.
- Hematoma formation: The fracture disrupts blood vessels, resulting in the formation of a hematoma at the fracture site.
- Inflammatory response: Inflammatory cells migrate to the fracture site, initiating the healing process.
- Callus formation: A soft callus of cartilage and woven bone forms around the fracture site.
- Bone remodeling: The soft callus is gradually replaced by lamellar bone, restoring the normal bone structure and function.[7]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Fracture
A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. This can result from a variety of mechanisms, including:
- Trauma: The most common cause, where an external force exceeds the bone’s ability to withstand it.
- Overuse or repetitive stress: Repeated microtrauma can weaken the bone, leading to a stress fracture.
- Underlying disease: Conditions like osteoporosis or bone tumors can weaken the bone, making it more susceptible to fracture.
The process of fracture involves:
- Bone failure: The bone tissue breaks under stress, often starting with microcracks that propagate through the bone.
- Inflammatory response: Tissue damage triggers an inflammatory response, with the release of cytokines and other mediators.
- Hematoma formation: Bleeding from damaged blood vessels forms a hematoma around the fracture site.
- Callus formation: The hematoma organizes into a soft callus, which is gradually replaced by woven bone and eventually remodeled into lamellar bone.[7]
Clinical Features
Clinical Features of Fracture
The clinical features of a fracture can vary depending on the type and location of the fracture, but common features include:
Cardinal Signs:
- Pain: Usually severe and localized to the site of the fracture. It may worsen with movement.
- Deformity: The affected limb may appear out of place, shortened, or angulated.
- Loss of Function: The injured area cannot be used normally due to pain and instability.
- Swelling and Bruising: These develop around the fracture site due to bleeding and inflammation.
- Crepitus: A grating or crunching sensation may be felt or heard when the broken ends of bone rub together.
Other Possible Features:
- Tenderness: The area around the fracture is painful to touch.
- Neurovascular Compromise: This is a serious complication where nerves and blood vessels are damaged, leading to numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of pulse.
- Open Wound: In open fractures, the bone breaks through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.[7]
Sign & Symptoms
Sign & Symptoms Of Fracture
Generally, The presentation is with localised bone pain, which is worsened by movement of the affected limb or region.
There is usually a history of trauma but it spontaneously occur in the absence of trauma in those with severe osteoporosis.
It can be divided into several subtypes, based on the precipitating event also presence or absence of an underlying disease.
The main differential diagnosis is soft tissue injury, but fracture should be suspected when there is;
- Marked pain
- Swelling
- Abnormal movement of the affected limb
- Crepitus
- Deformity [1]
- Angulation – the affected area may be bent at an unusual angle
- The patient is unable to put weight on the injured area
- The affected either bone or joint may have a grating sensation
- If it is an open fracture, there may be bleeding [2]
Femoral neck fractures typically produce a shortened, externally rotated leg that is painful to move.
Characteristics of different types of fractures | ||
Fracture type | Precipitation factor | Disease |
Fragility | Fall from standing height or less | Osteoporosis, Osteopenia |
Vertebral | Bending, lifting, also falling | |
Stress | Running, excessive training | Normal |
High-energy | Major trauma | Normal |
| Pathological | Spontaneous, minimal trauma | Malignancy, Paget’s disease, Osteomalacia |
[1]
Clinical Examination
Clinical Examination of a Fracture
History:
- Mechanism of injury: Determine how the injury occurred (fall, direct blow, twisting injury) and the force involved.
- Time of injury: Note when the injury occurred.
- Pain: Assess the location, severity, and character of pain.
- Functional impairment: Ask about any difficulties with movement, weight-bearing, or activities of daily living.
- Previous injuries or medical conditions: Gather information on any relevant medical history.
Inspection:
- Look: Observe the injured area for deformity, swelling, bruising, open wounds, or any abnormal position of the limb.
- Compare: Compare the injured limb to the uninjured side to identify any differences.
Palpation:
- Gently feel: Palpate the injured area for tenderness, bony irregularities, crepitus (grating sensation), warmth, or abnormal mobility.
- Assess circulation and sensation: Check the pulses distal to the injury site and assess for any numbness or tingling.
Movement:
- Active movement: Ask the patient to move the injured area if possible. Note any pain, limitation of movement, or abnormal movement patterns.
- Passive movement: Gently move the injured area for the patient and assess for any pain, crepitus, or abnormal movement.
Special Tests:
Neurovascular Assessment:
- Thoroughly evaluate: Assess the motor and sensory function of nerves distal to the injury site.
- Check circulation: Evaluate capillary refill and pulses distal to the injury site.
Additional Considerations:
- Radiographs: X-rays are essential for confirming the diagnosis of a fracture and determining its type, location, and severity.
- Other imaging: In some cases, additional imaging modalities like CT scans or MRI may be necessary.[8]
Important Note: The clinical examination should be performed gently to avoid causing furtherpain or damage. If a fracture is suspected, immobilize the injured area and refer the patient for further evaluation and treatment.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
How to investigate a suspected fracture:
- Order X-rays in two projections at right angles to one another
- Include the whole bone also the joints at either end (this may reveal an additional unsuspected fracture)
- Check for evidence of displacement
- Check for a break in the cortex
- In suspected vertebral fractures, check for depression of the end plate
- If clinical suspicion is high but no fractures are seen, request MRI also CT Scan
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Fractures
it involves considering a wide range of possibilities beyond the obvious broken bone. Here are some key aspects to consider:
Trauma vs. Pathologic Fracture:
- Traumatic fractures result from an acute injury, such as a fall, direct impact, or twisting force.
- Pathologic fractures occur in weakened bone due to underlying conditions like osteoporosis, tumors, infections, or metabolic disorders.
Types of Fractures:
- Complete vs. Incomplete: Whether the bone is broken all the way through or only partially.
- Displaced vs. Non-displaced: Whether the broken ends are out of alignment or still in their normal position.
- Open vs. Closed: Whether the broken bone has pierced the skin (open) or not (closed).
- Specific fracture patterns: Transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted (multiple fragments), etc.
Location and Mechanism of Injury:
- Different bones and joints have unique vulnerabilities and typical fracture patterns depending on the forces involved.
Patient History and Risk Factors:
- Age, medical history, medications, activity level, and any previous fractures can provide clues.
Imaging Studies:
- X-rays are the primary tool for visualizing fractures, but CT scans or MRI may be needed for complex cases or to assess soft tissue injuries.
Differential Diagnoses:
- Sprains/Strains: Ligament or muscle injuries can mimic fractures.
- Dislocations: Joint displacement can cause pain and deformity similar to a fracture.
- Bone tumors: Some tumors can weaken the bone and lead to pathologic fractures.
- Infections: Osteomyelitis (bone infection) can cause pain and swelling that may be mistaken for a fracture.
- Stress fractures: Tiny cracks in the bone due to repetitive stress can cause localized pain.[9]
Complications
Complications of Fractures
Fractures, while common, can lead to a range of complications that may impact healing and overall recovery. Some of the major complications include:
- Infection: Open fractures, where the bone breaks through the skin, are particularly susceptible to infection. Infections can delay healing and may require antibiotics or surgery to resolve.
- Delayed Union or Nonunion: In some cases, fractures may heal slowly (delayed union) or fail to heal altogether (nonunion). This can be due to factors such as poor blood supply, infection, or inadequate immobilization.
- Malunion: This occurs when the fracture heals in an incorrect position, leading to deformity or functional impairment. Malunion may necessitate further surgery to correct the alignment.
- Compartment Syndrome: This is a serious condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment compromises blood flow and nerve function. It requires urgent surgical intervention to relieve the pressure.
- Fat Embolism Syndrome: This rare but potentially fatal complication occurs when fat globules from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory and neurological problems.
- Avascular Necrosis: In some cases, the blood supply to the bone may be disrupted, leading to bone tissue death (avascular necrosis). This is more common in certain types of fractures, such as those involving the hip joint.
- Post-traumatic Arthritis: Fractures involving joints can increase the risk of developing arthritis later in life.[7]]
Investigations
Investigations Of Fractures
It can involve a variety of techniques, depending on the suspected type and location of the fracture.
Common Investigations:
- X-ray: The primary and most common investigation for fractures. It helps visualize the bones and identify any breaks or abnormalities.
- CT Scan: Used for complex fractures, especially in areas like the spine, pelvis, or skull, where X-rays might not provide enough detail.
- MRI Scan: Helpful for identifying fractures that are difficult to see on X-rays, such as stress fractures or fractures in areas with a lot of soft tissue.
- Bone Scan: Involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material to highlight areas of bone activity. It can help identify fractures that are not visible on other imaging tests.[7]
This comprehensive textbook covers all aspects of fracture management, including investigations, diagnosis, and treatment options. It is considered a standard reference for orthopedic surgeons and other healthcare professionals involved in fracture care.
Please note that this is just a general overview, and the specific investigations required for a fracture may vary depending on individual circumstances. It is always important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.
Treatment
Treatment of Fracture
Management of fractures in the acute stage requires adequate pain relief, with opiates if necessary, reduction of the fractures to restore normal anatomy, and immobilisation of the affected limb to promote healing.
This can be achieved either by the use of an external cast or splint or by internal fixation.
Femoral neck fractures present a special management problem since nonunion and avascular necrosis are common.
This is especially true with intracapsular hip fractures, which should be treated by joint replacement surgery.
Following the fractures, rehabilitation is required with physiotherapy and a supervised exercise programme (this is especially important in older patients to prevent muscle wasting and loss of patients with hip fractures also benefit from nutritional supplementation.
Older people Patients with high energy and fatigue fractures generally require no further investigation or treatment once it has healed.
If the DEXA examination or other investigation shows evidence of osteoporosis or other metabolic bone disease, this should be treated appropriately. [1]
Immobilization:
This may include:
Plaster casts or plastic functional braces i.e.:
- These hold the bone in position until it has healed.
Metal plates and screws i.e.:
- In brief; Current procedures may use minimally invasive techniques.
Intramedullary nails i.e.:
- Internal metal rods are place down the center of long bones.
- Flexible wires may use in children.
External fixators i.e.:
- These may made of either metal or carbon fiber; they have steel pins that go into the bone directly through the skin.
- In detail, They are a type of scaffolding outside the body.
Usually, the fractured bone area is immobilize for 2-8 weeks.
The duration depends on which bone is affect and whether there are any complications, such as a blood supply problem or an infection. [2]
Prevention
Prevention of fractures
It is a multifaceted approach that involves various lifestyle changes and interventions. Here’s a summary of key preventive measures, along with a book reference:
Key Prevention Strategies:
- Adequate Calcium and Vitamin D Intake: Ensure sufficient intake through diet or supplements to maintain bone health.
- Regular Weight-Bearing Exercise: Engage in activities like walking, jogging, or dancing to strengthen bones and improve balance.
- Fall Prevention: Remove tripping hazards at home, use assistive devices if needed, and be mindful of medications that may cause dizziness.
- Bone Density Screening: Consider getting a bone density test if you have risk factors for osteoporosis.
- Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively impact bone health.[10]
This comprehensive book delves into the complexities of osteoporosis, a major risk factor for fractures, and provides detailed guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Homeopathic Treatment
Homoeopathic Treatment of Fracture
Homeopathy helps in the formation of healthy callus, and they also boost the activity of proliferation of the osteoblast cells (bone forming cells).
Certain medicines also help speed up the process of laying a new bone.
In detail, These medicines are made of natural substances and can treat fractures effectively, without any side effects.
Some of the best medicines for fractures include Symphytum Officinale, Arnica Montana, Calcarea Phos, Silicea, also Calendula Officinalis.
Symphytum Officinale – Top remedy for bone healing:
- One of the best medicines for fractures is Symphytum Officinale.
- Also known as knit-bone, it is widely recommend as the first line of treatment of fractures.
- Symphytum Officinale is a natural and highly effective medicine that boosts the activity of fibroblasts cells also helps in healing the fractured bone.
- It also helps with the production of callous and treats irritability and pricking pains at the point of the its site.
- It is also a suitable medicine for hairline fractures.
- Symphytum is a healing herb that is use in different potencies to help accelerate the healing of a broken bone.
- As a natural substance, it causes no side-effects and is use to treat fractures that cause immense pain.
Arnica Montana – For fractures where there is excessive pain:
- Arnica Montana is a medicine which cause immense swelling and pain at the site of the fractures.
- The affected site is sore to touch and bruise.
- Fracture that occur from a fall or those caused as a result of an injury by a blunt instrument are treat with Arnica.
- This medicine is also use to treat old bone injuries.
Calcarea Phosphorica – for fractures that heal slowly:
- Calcarea Phos is a medicine for fractures that are slow to heal.
- Moreover, It is used to treat remote fractures and helps hasten the bone repair process in cases where the bone has not joined for a long time.
- Calcarea Phos provides calcium also phosphate, two elements required for quick union of the bone.
- It also promotes the formation of callus.
Silicea – for bone fractures and brittle bones
- Silicea is a medicine for fractures of brittle bones that get fractured often.
- It strengthens weak bones also prevents them from getting fractured frequently.
- It is commonly used to treat and manage osteoporosis and other bone problems such as caries, necrosis, also exostosis.
Calendula Officinalis – for compound and suppurating fractures:
- Calendula Officinalis is a medicine for fractures where the skin covering the fractured site becomes raw, red also inflamed.
- There may be a copious discharge of pus along with stinging pains.
- This medicine is used to treat compound fractures (where the broken bone pierces the skin) and also to prevent gangrene. [3]
Diet & Regimen
Diet & Regimen of Fracture
The diet and regimen for a fracture depend on various factors, including the type and severity of the fracture, the age and health status of the individual, and any underlying medical conditions. However, some general recommendations can be found in medical textbooks and guidelines.
General Recommendations
Adequate Protein Intake: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. Good sources of protein include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, nuts, and dairy products.
Calcium and Vitamin D: These nutrients are crucial for bone health. Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods are good sources of calcium. Sunlight exposure and supplements can help ensure adequate vitamin D levels.
Fruits and Vegetables: These provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support overall health and healing.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of water is important for overall health and can help prevent constipation, which can be a side effect of pain medications.[7]
Disclaimer: This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized recommendations regarding diet and nutrition, especially in the context of a fracture or any other medical condition.
Do’s and Don'ts
Do’s & Don’ts Of Fracture
Fractures, or broken bones, require proper care and attention to ensure optimal healing and prevent complications. Here are the dos and don’ts of fracture management:
Do’s:
- Seek immediate medical attention: A healthcare professional will assess the fracture and recommend appropriate treatment.
- Immobilize the injured area: Keep the fractured bone still and supported to prevent further damage. Use a splint, sling, or brace as directed by your doctor.
Follow your doctor’s instructions: Take prescribed medications, attend follow-up appointments, and adhere to any activity restrictions.
Elevate the injured limb: This can help reduce swelling and pain.
- Apply ice packs: Ice can help reduce swelling and pain in the first 48 hours after the injury. Apply ice for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
- Eat a healthy diet: Proper nutrition supports bone healing. Ensure adequate intake of protein, calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients.
Stay active within limits: Gentle exercise can help improve circulation and prevent stiffness. However, avoid activities that put stress on the fractured bone.
Don’ts:
Don’t move the injured area: Avoid moving the fractured bone or the surrounding joints. If you must move, do so with support and assistance.
Don’t try to realign the bone: Leave the bone in the position it is in. Trying to realign it can cause further damage.
Don’t put weight on the injured limb: Avoid putting weight on the fractured bone until your doctor says it is safe to do so.
Don’t apply heat: Heat can increase swelling and inflammation. Avoid hot baths, showers, or heating pads in the first 48 hours after the injury.
Don’t smoke: Smoking can slow down bone healing.
Don’t drink alcohol excessively: Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with bone healing and increase the risk of complications.
By following these dos and don’ts, you can help ensure a smooth and successful recovery from your fracture.
Terminology
Terminology of Fracture
Absolutely! Here are some common terminologies used in the context of fractures, along with their meanings:
Types of Fractures:
- Closed Fracture (Simple Fracture): The bone is broken but the skin is not punctured.
- Open Fracture (Compound Fracture): The bone breaks and pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
- Comminuted Fracture: The bone is shattered into multiple pieces.
- Greenstick Fracture: The bone bends and cracks, but does not break completely (more common in children).
- Stress Fracture: A tiny crack in the bone caused by repetitive stress or overuse.
- Pathological Fracture: A break in a bone weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis or cancer.
Other Important Terms:
- Displaced Fracture: The broken ends of the bone are not aligned properly.
- Non-displaced Fracture: The broken ends of the bone remain aligned.
- Reduction: The process of realigning the broken ends of a bone.
- Immobilization: The process of keeping the fractured bone from moving to allow it to heal. This can be done with casts, splints, or braces.
- Delayed Union: The bone takes longer than expected to heal.
- Nonunion: The bone fails to heal completely.
- Malunion: The bone heals in an incorrect position.
- Crepitus: A grating or crackling sound or sensation produced by fractured bone ends rubbing together.
- Hematoma: A collection of blood outside of blood vessels, often occurring around a fracture site.
- Callus: A bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone during healing.
Medical Specialties:
- Orthopedics: The branch of medicine concerned with the musculoskeletal system, including fractures.
- Orthopedic Surgeon: A doctor who specializes in treating fractures and other musculoskeletal conditions.
Homeopathic Terminology Specific to Fractures:
- Symphytum: A commonly used homeopathic remedy for bone injuries, known to promote bone healing and reduce pain.
- Arnica: A homeopathic remedy often used for trauma and injuries, helping to reduce pain, swelling, and bruising.
- Calcarea Phosphorica: A remedy used for fractures that are slow to heal, especially in children or individuals with poor nutrition.
- Ruta Graveolens: A remedy often used for injuries to ligaments and tendons, as well as bruising and pain around the bone.
- Hypericum: A remedy used for nerve injuries, which may be present in some fractures, helping to reduce pain and sensitivity.
References
References Of Fracture
- Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine (22nd edition) Ch. 25
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312.php
- https://www.drhomeo.com/fractures/fractures-and-homeopathic-treatment/
- Epidemiology of fractures in indoor patients at a tertiary care centre in India: a study of 3000 cases (2022).
- Injury Mechanisms of Hip Fractures in India (2021).
- Incidence of fractures in 2–18 years old affluent Indian children: a multicentre study (2012).
- Rockwood and Green’s Fractures in Adults, 9th Edition,Charles Court Brown, Bucholz Robert W, Heckman James D, 2020, Wolters Kluwer
- Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 10th Edition,Louis Solomon, David Warwick,Selvadurai Nayagam,2018,CRC Press.
- Differential Diagnosis of Fracture,Yingze Zhang,1st Edition,2020,Springer.
- Osteoporosis: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy (Fourth Edition),Clifford J. Rosen,2023.
Also Search As
Fracture Also Search As
- Online search engines: A general search using terms like "fracture," "broken bone," or specific types of fractures (e.g., "stress fracture") will yield a wealth of information from reputable sources like medical websites, health organizations, and educational resources.
- Medical websites and databases: Reputable sources like the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, MedlinePlus, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) offer comprehensive information on fracture types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Medical textbooks and journals: For more in-depth information, medical textbooks and journals provide detailed information on the classification, pathophysiology, and management of fractures. These resources are often used by healthcare professionals and researchers.
- Medical apps: Several mobile apps are available that provide information on fractures, including the LITFL Fractures App, which offers a comprehensive guide to fracture identification, splinting, and treatment.
In addition to these general resources, you can also search for information on specific types of fractures, such as:
- Stress fractures: These are small cracks in bones caused by repetitive stress or overuse.
- Compound fractures: These are fractures where the broken bone pierces the skin.
When searching for information on fractures, it is important to consult reputable sources and to be aware that not all information found online is accurate or reliable. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any suspected fracture.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Fracture?
A bone fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken.
What causes Fracture?
- Trauma
- Osteoporosis
- Overuse
How are fractures treated?
Treatment
- Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture. Minor fractures may only require immobilization with a cast or splint. More complex fractures may need surgery to realign the bones and promote healing.
Give the types of Fracture?
How are fractures diagnosed?
Diagnosis
Doctors typically diagnose fractures using X-rays, which provide detailed images of the bones. In some cases, additional imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs may be needed.
What are the symptoms of Fracture?
- Marked pain
- Swelling
- Abnormal movement of the affected limb
- Crepitus
- Deformity
- Angulation
- Unable to put weight on the injured area
- Affected bone or joint may have a grating sensation
- Open fracture– bleeding
Can homeopathy help with bone fractures?
Homoeopathy for Fracture
Homeopathy offers a holistic approach to healing fractures. While it doesn’t replace conventional medical treatment, it can complement it by supporting the body’s natural healing processes and potentially aiding in pain management.
Are homeopathic remedies safe to use alongside conventional fracture treatment?
Generally, yes.
It’s important to consult with both your homeopath and your conventional doctor to ensure there are no interactions or contraindications.
