Frozen Shoulder
Definition
Frozen shoulder also known as Adhesive capsulitis, is characterized by pain and global restriction of both active and passive Glenohumeral joint motion.[1]
The most common synonym for frozen shoulder is:
Adhesive capsulitis: This is the medical term for frozen shoulder and describes the inflammation and thickening of the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint.
Overview
Epidemiology
Causes
Types
Risk Factors
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Sign & Symptoms
Clinical Examination
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention
Homeopathic Treatment
Diet & Regimen
Do’s and Don'ts
Terminology
References
Also Search As
Overview
Overview of Frozen Shoulder
The joint capsule adheres to the anatomic neck and becomes thickened and contracted. It can be idiopathic (primary adhesive capsulitis) or related to other conditions such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary disorders, and trauma (secondary adhesive capsulitis). Women in their sixth decade are most commonly affected.
There are three phases in the natural history of this condition. Gradual spontaneous improvement of the pain occurs 1 to 3 years after onset, but there is often some residual limitation of shoulder motion. Because prolonged immobility of the Glenohumeral joint allows adhesions to form, early mobilization is key.
Your risk of developing frozen shoulder increases if you’re recovering from a medical condition or procedure that prevents you from moving your arm — such as a stroke or a mastectomy.
Treatment for frozen shoulder involves range-of-motion exercises and, sometimes, corticosteroids and numbing medications injected into the joint capsule. In a small percentage of cases, arthroscopic surgery may be indicated to loosen the joint capsule so that it can move more freely.
It’s unusual for frozen shoulder to recur in the same shoulder, but some people can develop it in the opposite shoulder.[1][2]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of Frozen Shoulder
Prevalence of shoulder dysfunction among Indian people with type II diabetes (2014):
This study found that adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) was seen in 17.9% of diabetics compared to 7% of non-diabetics in the Indian population. It also mentions that the incidence of frozen shoulder in the general population has been reported to be 2-5%, while among individuals with diabetes it is 10-20%. [8]
FROZEN SHOULDER AND THEIR RISK FACTORS IN DIABETIC POPULATIONPREVALENCE STUDY FROM NORTH-WEST INDIA (2017):
This study found that the prevalence of frozen shoulder was 20.0% in a sample of diabetic patients from North-West India. Of these, 3.9% had type 1 diabetes and 22.6% had type 2 diabetes. [9]
Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Cut Survey (Year not explicitly mentioned):
- This study looked at the prevalence and characteristics of frozen shoulder in a sample of 100 respondents. It found that 52% of respondents were female and 48% were male, with a mean age of 50.66 years.[10]
These studies suggest that the prevalence of frozen shoulder in India is higher among individuals with diabetes compared to the general population. However, the exact prevalence may vary depending on the specific population and study methodology.
It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of studies on the topic, and more research is needed to fully understand the epidemiology of frozen shoulder in India.
Causes
Causes of Frozen Shoulder
It’s not clear why some people develop it, but some groups are more at risk.
Frozen shoulder happens more often in women than men, and you’re more likely to get it if you’re between the ages of 40 and 60
Frozen shoulder is more common in diabetes mellitus, but may also be triggered by a rotator cuff tear, local trauma, myocardial infarction or hemiplegia. [4]
Types
types Of Frozen shoulder
Primary Frozen Shoulder (Idiopathic):
- Description: This type of frozen shoulder occurs spontaneously, without any identifiable underlying cause or injury. [11]
Secondary Frozen Shoulder:
Description: This type of frozen shoulder develops as a result of an underlying condition, injury, or immobilization of the shoulder. Common causes include:
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Trauma to the shoulder
- Stroke
- Surgery
- Prolonged immobilization [12]
Risk Factors
Risk factor of Frozen Shoulder
Age and sex
People 40 and older, particularly women, are more likely to have frozen shoulder.
Immobility or reduced mobility
People who’ve had prolonged immobility or reduced mobility of the shoulder are at higher risk of developing frozen shoulder. Immobility may be the result of many factors, including:
- Rotator cuff injury
- Broken arm
- Stroke
- Recovery from surgery
Systemic diseases
People who have certain diseases appear more likely to develop frozen shoulder.
Diseases that might increase risk include:
- Diabetes
- Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
- Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Tuberculosis
- Parkinson’s disease. [3]
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis of Frozen Shoulder
The exact pathogenesis of frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, remains unclear. However, a widely accepted hypothesis, supported by research and clinical observations, suggests a multifactorial process involving inflammation, fibrosis, and contracture of the shoulder joint capsule.
Pathogenesis Description:
Inflammatory Phase: The process begins with an inflammatory response within the synovial lining of the joint capsule. This inflammation is likely triggered by various factors, such as trauma, immobilization, or underlying systemic conditions (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders).
Fibroproliferative Phase: The inflammatory process leads to the proliferation of fibroblasts, which are cells responsible for producing collagen. Excessive collagen deposition thickens and stiffens the joint capsule, forming adhesions and restricting shoulder movement.
Maturation Phase: As the condition progresses, the inflamed synovium becomes less active, and the fibrotic tissue matures, further limiting shoulder mobility. Pain gradually subsides, but stiffness and restricted range of motion persist.
Additional Considerations:
- Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing frozen shoulder.
- Biomechanical Factors: Alterations in shoulder biomechanics, such as muscle imbalances or altered joint kinematics, may contribute to the development of frozen shoulder.
- Neurogenic Inflammation: Neurogenic inflammation, involving the release of inflammatory mediators from nerve fibers, may also play a role in the pathogenesis. [13]
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying frozen shoulder. Understanding the pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder
The exact pathophysiology of frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay of inflammation, fibrosis, and contracture of the glenohumeral joint capsule.
Pathophysiology Description:
The pathophysiology of frozen shoulder is characterized by three distinct stages:
Painful Stage (Freezing): This initial stage typically lasts for 2-9 months and is marked by gradual onset of shoulder pain and stiffness. The synovium, the lining of the joint capsule, becomes inflamed, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. This inflammatory process triggers pain and initiates the cascade of events that lead to fibrosis and contracture.
Adhesive Stage (Frozen): This stage can last for 4-12 months and is characterized by progressive stiffness and a significant decrease in the range of motion of the shoulder joint. The ongoing inflammation stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts, cells that produce collagen. Excessive collagen deposition leads to thickening and contracture of the joint capsule, resulting in the formation of adhesions and restrictions in shoulder movement.
Recovery Stage (Thawing): This final stage may take several months to years and involves the gradual resolution of inflammation and remodeling of the fibrotic tissue. The pain gradually subsides, and the range of motion slowly improves. However, some degree of stiffness and restriction may persist even after complete recovery.
Additional Factors:
Several factors are believed to contribute to the development and progression of frozen shoulder, including:
- Genetic Predisposition: Studies have suggested a possible genetic predisposition to frozen shoulder, as it is more common in certain families.
- Systemic Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders, are associated with an increased risk of developing frozen shoulder.
- Immobilization: Prolonged immobilization of the shoulder, following injury or surgery, can trigger the inflammatory process and contribute to the development of frozen shoulder. [14]
Understanding the complex pathophysiology of frozen shoulder is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies aimed at interrupting the inflammatory cascade, preventing fibrosis, and restoring normal shoulder function.
Clinical Features
Clinical Features of Frozen Shoulder
Painful Stage (Freezing):
- Gradual onset of diffuse shoulder pain, often described as a dull ache or throbbing sensation.
- Pain worsens at night and with movement, especially at the extremes of motion.
- Pain may radiate to the upper arm and neck.
- Difficulty sleeping on the affected side.
Adhesive Stage (Frozen):
- Pain may gradually decrease, but stiffness and loss of range of motion become more prominent.
- Significant restriction in both active and passive range of motion, particularly in external rotation, abduction, and internal rotation.
- Difficulty performing daily activities such as reaching overhead, dressing, and combing hair.
Thawing Stage (Recovery):
- Gradual improvement in range of motion and decrease in stiffness.
- Pain continues to subside.
- Complete recovery may take months to years, and some residual stiffness may persist.
Additional Clinical Features:
- Painful arc: Pain experienced during mid-range of abduction (between 60 and 120 degrees).
- Capsular pattern: A characteristic pattern of restricted range of motion, with external rotation being the most limited, followed by abduction and internal rotation.
- Muscle atrophy: Weakness and atrophy of the shoulder girdle muscles may occur due to disuse.
- Sleep disturbances: Pain and stiffness can significantly disrupt sleep patterns.
It is important to note that the clinical presentation of frozen shoulder can vary among individuals. Some may experience milder symptoms, while others may have severe pain and significant functional limitations. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for optimizing outcomes and minimizing long-term disability. [15]
Sign & Symptoms
Sign & Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder
The main symptoms of a frozen shoulder are pain and stiffness that make it difficult or impossible to move it.
If you have frozen shoulder, you’ll likely feel a dull or achy pain in one shoulder. You might also feel the pain in the shoulder muscles that wrap around the top of your arm. You might feel the same sensation in your upper arm. Your pain could get worse at night, which can make it hard to sleep.
You’ll typically go through three phases with a frozen shoulder. Each has its own unique symptoms and timeline.
Freezing stage:
- You develop a pain (sometimes severe) in your shoulder any time you move it.
- It slowly gets worse over time and may hurt more at night.
- This can last anywhere from 6 to 9 months.
- You’re limited in how far you can move your shoulder.
Frozen stage:
- Your pain might get better but your stiffness gets worse.
- Moving your shoulder becomes more difficult and it becomes harder to get through daily activities.
- This stage can last 4-12 months.
Thawing stage:
- Your range of motion starts to go back to normal.
- This can take anywhere from 6 months to 2 years.
Clinical Examination
Clinical / Physical Examination For Frozen Shoulder
- On examination, the shoulder is tender and there is loss of active and passive range of motion in all planes.[1]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder
- The diagnosis is predominantly made on clinical grounds.
- Discuss your symptoms and review your medical history.
- Conduct a physical exam of your arms and shoulders
- X-rays of the shoulder
- Advanced imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound.[1]
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder
- Acromioclavicular arthropathy
- Autoimmune disease
- Biceps tendinopathy
- Glenohumeral osteoarthritis
- Neoplasm
- Rotator cuff tendinopathy
- Cervical disk degeneration
- Sub acromial and subdeltoid bursitis [5]
Complications
Complications of Frozen Shoulder:
- Chronic Pain: Although the pain typically subsides as the condition progresses to the frozen and thawing stages, some individuals may experience persistent pain even after recovery. This chronic pain can be debilitating and interfere with daily activities.
Limited Range of Motion: Even after the thawing stage, some degree of stiffness and restricted range of motion may persist. This can significantly impact shoulder function and limit the ability to perform overhead activities or reach behind the back.
Muscle Atrophy and Weakness: Due to limited use and immobilization of the shoulder, the muscles surrounding the joint may weaken and atrophy. This can further exacerbate stiffness and functional limitations.
Sleep Disturbances: Pain and stiffness in the shoulder can make it difficult to find a comfortable sleeping position, leading to sleep disturbances and fatigue.
Psychological Impact: The chronic pain, functional limitations, and sleep disturbances associated with frozen shoulder can take a toll on mental health, leading to depression, anxiety, and decreased quality of life.
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Other Shoulder: In some cases, individuals who have experienced frozen shoulder in one shoulder may develop it in the other shoulder as well.
Rare Complications: In rare cases, frozen shoulder can lead to complications such as biceps tendon rupture or fracture of the humerus, particularly if aggressive manipulation or stretching is attempted.
Prevention and Management:
Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and appropriate management are crucial for minimizing the risk of complications associated with frozen shoulder. Treatment options may include:
- Physical therapy: Focused on range of motion exercises and stretching to improve shoulder mobility.
- Pain management: Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids may be used to control pain and inflammation.
- Joint injections: Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint may help reduce inflammation and pain.
- Hydrodilatation: Injection of sterile water into the joint capsule to stretch it and improve range of motion.
- Surgery: In severe cases, arthroscopic surgery may be considered to release the tight joint capsule and adhesions.
By addressing the underlying causes and managing the symptoms effectively, most individuals with frozen shoulder can achieve a full recovery and minimize the risk of long-term complications. [16]
Investigations
Investigations of Frozen Shoulder
- X-rays of the shoulder
- Advanced imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound.[1]
Treatment
Treatment of Frozen Shoulder
Most frozen shoulder treatment involves controlling shoulder pain and preserving as much range of motion in the shoulder as possible.
Medications
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with frozen shoulder.
In some cases, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Therapy
- A physical therapist can teach you range-of-motion exercises to help recover as much mobility in your shoulder as possible.
- Regular ‘pendulum’ exercises of the arm to prevent the capsule from over-tightening.
- Mobilizing and strengthening exercises are the sole treatment in the painless ‘frozen’ stage.
Surgical and other procedures
Most frozen shoulders get better on their own within 12 to 18 months. For persistent symptoms, your doctor may suggest:
- Steroid injections- Injecting corticosteroids into your shoulder joint may help decrease pain and improve shoulder mobility, especially in the early stages of the process.
- Joint distension- Injecting sterile water into the joint capsule can help stretch the tissue and make it easier to move the joint.
- Shoulder manipulation- In this procedure, you receive a general anesthetic, so you’ll be unconscious and feel no pain. Then the doctor moves your shoulder joint in different directions, to help loosen the tightened tissue.
- Surgery- Surgery for frozen shoulder is rare, but if nothing else has helped, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove scar tissue and adhesions from inside your shoulder joint. Doctors usually perform this surgery with lighted, tubular instruments inserted through small incisions around your joint (arthroscopically).[2][4]
Prevention
Prevention of Frozen Shoulder
- Frozen shoulder usually starts from immobilization. Often, the shoulder starts to pain when progressing towards becoming stiff.
- This may cause someone to move the joint less and leading to further adhesions of the shoulder joint, preventing the movement of shoulder in full range.
- One should keep the shoulder in complete motion to avoid the occurrence of this condition.
- If one is having any injury which prohibits movement the shoulder joints a few exercises must be performed to maintain the range of motion in the shoulder joint on a daily basis.
- Management of the condition aims at restoring the joint movement and reducing the shoulder pain.
- Management can be done by performing physiotherapy, massages, stretching exercises. One must perform exercises which involve a range of motion of the shoulder joint so that the adhesions start to loosen up and shoulder can move freely.
Homeopathic Treatment
Homeopathic Treatment of Frozen Shoulder
Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis.
which includes
- The medical history of the patient,
- Physical and mental constitution,
- Family history,
- Presenting symptoms,
- Underlying pathology,
- Possible causative factors etc.
A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions.
What Homoeopathic doctors do?
A homeopathy doctor tries to treat more than just the presenting symptoms. The focus is usually on what caused the disease condition? Why ‘this patient’ is sick ‘this way’?.
The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness also looked for. No a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.
The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can greatly improved with homeopathic medicines.
Homeopathic Medicines for Frozen Shoulder
The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy, potency and repetition of dose by Homeopathic doctor.
So, here we describe homeopathic medicine only for reference and education purpose. Do not take medicines without consulting registered homeopathic doctor (BHMS or M.D. Homeopath).
Medicines:
Rhus Toxicodendron: Top Grade Medicine for Frozen Shoulder
- In general, Rhus tox is a wonderful medicine that can help to relieve long-standing cases of marked stiffness in the shoulder joint.
- The shoulder is too stiff to move.
- The stiffness of shoulder gets usually better by warmth application.
- It can also be helpful in cases where motion also massages tend to offer relief in the stiffness.
- Moreover, there is severe tearing, shooting pain at the top of the shoulder.
- Pains get worse especially during cold and wet weather.
- Pains become severe during the rest especially in night preventing the patient to fall asleep.
- Besides this, there is a constant feeling of pressure on shoulders like a heavyweight is placed upon them.
- Pains getting better by movement of the shoulder.
Sanguinaria Canadensis: For Right Sided Frozen Shoulder
- Sanguinaria Can is a great remedy which shows an affinity towards the pains occurring in the right shoulder.
- Pains are present in the top of right shoulder.
- Pains usually get worse during the night also while attempting to turn in bed.
- The patient feels great difficulty to raise the arm on account of distressing pains.
- Right shoulder is affected.
- There is nightly aggravation of the pain.
- Difficulty in raising the arm.
Ferrum Metallicum: For Left Sided Frozen Shoulder
- Ferrum met is an amazing remedy for treating a complaint of left-sided frozen shoulder.
- There is a pain in the left shoulder which is constantly present. Pain is of drawing, shooting, tearing also laming character.
- Pains are usually shooting downward and travel down the arm also patient may feel it impossible to raise the arm.
- In detail, the person requiring this remedy feels extreme heaviness in the shoulder joint.
- Slow movement of the shoulder gradually improves the condition. Warmth can be given to relieve the pains.
- All in all; Pain gets aggravated in bed; the patient has to get up and move about slowly to get some relief.
Bryonia Alba: For Pains getting Worse from Least Motion
- Bryonia is an excellent remedy in cases where the pain in the shoulder gets worse especially from least motion.
- Pains are sharp and tearing in character which usually gets worse upon touch also by pressure.
- Relief of the pains takes place after the patient has complete rest.
- Application of the warmth can also be helpful in relieving the pains in the shoulder.
- There is painful pressure on the top of the shoulder. Stiffness is present in the shoulder joints.
Causticum: For Pains in Morning
- Generally, Causticum is a good remedy in treating the cases of frozen shoulder where pains in the shoulder are worse in the morning.
- The patient may experience great discomfort and difficulty in moving the shoulder.
- There is a constant feeling of pressure and heaviness on shoulders.
- Pain which is dull, aching in character is present in the shoulder usually getting worse on motion.
Phytolacca: For Right Sided Frozen Shoulder
- Phytolacca can be given in cases of frozen shoulder where the pain is present in the right shoulder.
- Pains in the shoulder also arms feel like electric shocks.
- Pains are shooting in character also travel from one part to the other.
- Pains usually worsen during the night and in damp weather.
- Patient experiences stiffness in the shoulder that usually makes him unable to raise the arm.
Ledum Palustre: For Pains on Raising the Arm
- Ledum Pal suits well in the cases where the patient experiences severe pain in the shoulder while raising the arm.
- The pains are stitching and throbbing in nature.
- There is pain and pressure in both the shoulder joints which gets worse from motion.
Calcarea Phosphorica: For Pains getting Worse During Change of Weather
- Calcarea Phos can be given without a doubt in cases of frozen shoulder where pain gets worse from any change of weather.
- There is pain and stiffness in shoulders and shoulder-blades.
- Pains are dull, sore aching, bruised type in the shoulder and down the arm.
- Pains start from left then travel to the right and can travel downward to the arm as well.
Rhododendron: For Shoulder Pains Worse during a Thunderstorm
- Rhododendron can be of extreme help in cases where there is marked pain in shoulder also gets during a thunderstorm.
- In addition, The patient usually feels pains which get worse while lying upon it and getting relieved by turning to the other side.
- Lastly, Violent, tearing also boring type of pains occur in the shoulder which can worsen from motion.
Guaiacum Officinale: For Marked Stiffness
- Guaiacum can act wonders in cases where there is immovable stiffness of the joints taking place.
- There is a sharp stitching type of pains in the top of the shoulder.
- Pains are of drawing and lacerating nature which can travel down the arm.
Syphilinum: Where Pains get Worse especially on Raising the Arms
- Syphilinum acts well on the patients of frozen shoulder well where the pain in the shoulder worsens on raising the arm.
- The patient is able to raise the arm only up to the level of the shoulder with difficulty. [7]
Diet & Regimen
Diet & Regimen of Frozen Shoulder
Foods to be taken i.e.
- Increase intake of anti-inflammatory foods e.g. fruits and vegetables, oily fish (which contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids), nuts, seeds, also certain spices, such as ginger, garlic, turmeric.
- Furthermore, Vegetables like cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, cress, sweet potatoes are all loaded with antioxidants that can help rid the body of harmful compounds.
- Besides this; Fruits like berries, pineapples, red grapes are well regarded for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Foods to be avoided i.e.
- Simple carbohydrates and fats, e.g. saturated fats and trans fats.
Yoga and Exercise i.e.
Stretching exercises for frozen shoulder e.g.
- Pendulum stretch
- Towel stretch
- Finger walk
- Cross-body reach
- Armpit stretch
Strengthening exercises e.g.
- Outward rotation
- Inward rotation
Asanas which help for frozen shoulder e.g.:
- Gomukhasana
- Pranayama in sukasana
- Parvatasana
Music and Meditation
Home Remedies i.e.
- Gently move the affected joint within the limits of your pain also range-of-motion
- Massage the affected joint to increase blood circulation to the area
- Apply a warm/cold compress to the area which can help a great deal in alleviating pain
- Be aware of proper posture
- Sleep with two pillows- One pillow is for your head, as usual, the other is to go between your elbow also your body (on your affected side) so that your arm is held slightly away from your body.[6]
Do’s and Don'ts
Do’s And Dont’s
Do’s:
Do seek early diagnosis and treatment: The earlier you address frozen shoulder, the better your chances of a full recovery. Consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
Do follow your prescribed treatment plan: Whether it’s physical therapy, medication, or other interventions, adhering to your treatment plan is crucial for managing pain, improving range of motion, and preventing complications.
Do perform gentle range-of-motion exercises: Regular, gentle exercises can help maintain shoulder mobility and prevent stiffness. Your therapist can guide you on appropriate exercises and stretches.
Do apply heat or cold therapy: Heat can help relax muscles and reduce pain, while cold can numb the area and decrease inflammation. Experiment to see which works best for you.
Do maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can support your body’s healing process and improve overall well-being.
Don’ts:
Don’t ignore the pain: Ignoring shoulder pain can worsen the condition and lead to complications. Seek medical attention if you experience persistent or worsening pain.
Don’t push through the pain: Avoid activities that exacerbate pain or discomfort. Overexertion can delay healing and prolong recovery.
Don’t neglect physical therapy: Physical therapy plays a crucial role in restoring shoulder mobility and function. Don’t skip appointments or neglect your home exercise program.
Don’t self-medicate: Consult with your doctor before taking any over-the-counter pain relievers or supplements. They can advise you on safe and effective options.
Don’t expect overnight results: Recovery from frozen shoulder takes time and patience. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see immediate improvement. Stick with your treatment plan and trust the process. [11]
By following these do’s and don’ts and working closely with your healthcare team, you can successfully manage frozen shoulder and regain your shoulder’s full range of motion and function.
Terminology
Terminology For Frozen Shoulder
Medical Terms:
- Adhesive Capsulitis: The medical term for frozen shoulder, referring to the inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.
- Glenohumeral Joint: The ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder, where the upper arm bone (humerus) meets the shoulder blade (scapula).
- Synovium: The thin membrane that lines the inside of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint.
- Fibrosis: The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, in this case, the joint capsule.
- Contracture: The shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissues, leading to deformity and rigidity.
- Range of Motion (ROM): The extent to which a joint can be moved in different directions.
- Arthrography: An imaging test that uses a contrast dye to visualize the joint structures.
- Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems.
Symptoms:
- Pain: A common symptom, often described as a dull ache or throbbing sensation, that worsens at night and with movement.
- Stiffness: Difficulty moving the shoulder, especially in certain directions.
- Limited Range of Motion: A reduced ability to move the shoulder through its normal range.
- Frozen Stage: The stage where pain decreases, but stiffness and limited range of motion become more prominent.
- Thawing Stage: The stage where stiffness and pain gradually improve, and range of motion slowly returns.
Treatment:
- Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches to improve range of motion and flexibility.
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Medications used to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Injections of anti-inflammatory medication directly into the joint.
- Hydrodilatation: A procedure that involves injecting fluid into the joint capsule to stretch it.
- Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): A procedure where the shoulder is moved forcefully while the patient is under anesthesia to break up adhesions.
- Surgery: In severe cases, arthroscopic surgery may be performed to remove scar tissue and release the tight joint capsule.
Understanding these terminologies will help you better comprehend articles and discussions about frozen shoulder, enabling you to make informed decisions about your health and treatment options.
In homeopathic articles about frozen shoulder, you will find both medical and homeopathic-specific terminologies:
Medical Terms:
- Adhesive Capsulitis: The medical term for frozen shoulder, referring to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.
- Glenohumeral Joint: The shoulder joint where the upper arm bone (humerus) meets the shoulder blade (scapula).
- Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane, which lines the joint capsule.
- Pain: The primary symptom of frozen shoulder, often described as dull, aching, or sharp.
- Stiffness: Restricted range of motion in the shoulder joint.
- Freezing, Frozen, Thawing: The three stages of frozen shoulder, characterized by increasing pain and stiffness, followed by a gradual improvement.
Homeopathic Terms:
- Remedy: A substance used in homeopathy to treat disease, usually derived from plants, minerals, or animals.
- Similimum: The homeopathic remedy that most closely matches the patient’s overall symptom picture.
- Repertory: A book that lists symptoms and the remedies associated with them, used to help find the similimum.
- Materia Medica: A collection of descriptions of homeopathic remedies and their therapeutic properties.
- Aggravation: A temporary worsening of symptoms after taking a remedy, often seen as a positive sign of healing.
- Proving: A systematic study of the effects of a homeopathic remedy on healthy volunteers.
- Potency: The degree of dilution and succussion (shaking) of a homeopathic remedy.
- Miasm: A predisposition to certain types of disease, according to homeopathic theory.
Specific Remedies for Frozen Shoulder:
- Rhus Tox: Often used for pain and stiffness that worsen with initial movement but improve with continued motion.
- Bryonia: Indicated for pain that is worse with movement and better with rest.
- Ferrum Met: Used for pain that is worse at night and in cold weather.
- Sanguinaria: May be helpful for pain that extends to the neck and shoulder blade.
Understanding these terms will help you better interpret homeopathic articles and discussions about frozen shoulder, allowing you to make informed decisions about your health and treatment options.
References
References use for Article Frozen Shoulder
- Clev_Cli_-_Cur_Clini_Med_2nd_ed_2010.pdf
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frozen-shoulder
- Textbook of Medicine, 5th Edition
- Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
- https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0215/p417.html#:~:tex
- https://www.mtatva.com/en/disease/frozen-shoulder-treatment-diet-and-home-remedies/
- https://www.drhomeo.com/joint/homeopathic-remedies-for-frozen-shoulder-treatment/
Prevalence of shoulder dysfunction among Indian people with type II diabetes (2014)
FROZEN SHOULDER AND THEIR RISK FACTORS IN DIABETIC POPULATIONPREVALENCE STUDY FROM NORTH-WEST INDIA (2017)
Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Cut Survey (Year not explicitly mentioned)
- The Frozen Shoulder Workbook: Trigger Point Therapy for Overcoming Pain and Regaining Range of Motion," 2nd Edition, by Clair Davies, published in 2018 by New Harbinger Publications. This book discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for frozen shoulder, including trigger point therapy.
- Frozen Shoulder," in "Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics," 14th Edition, edited by S. Terry Canale and James H. Beaty, published in 2021 by Elsevier. This comprehensive textbook covers various orthopedic conditions, including frozen shoulder, and discusses its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Book Title: Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology Edition: 10th Edition
Editors: Gary S. Firestein, Ralph C. Budd, Sherine E. Gabriel, Iain B. McInnes, James R. O’Dell
Year of Publication: 2017 Publisher: ElsevierBook Title: DeLee & Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Edition: 5th edition , Editors: Mark D. Miller, Stephen R. Thompson
Year of Publication: 2020, Publisher: ElsevierBook Title: Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation, Edition: 4th Edition
Editors: Walter R. Frontera, Julie K. Silver, Thomas D. Rizzo Jr., Year of Publication: 2015, Publisher: Elsevier SaundersBook Title: Rheumatology Secrets
Edition: 4th Edition Authors: Sterling G. West, Mary Anne Dooley Year of Publication: 2015, Publisher: Elsevier
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Online Databases and Journals:
- Homeopathic Educational Services: This online platform offers a vast collection of homeopathic articles, including research papers, clinical cases, and materia medica. You can search for "Frozen Shoulder" or "adhesive capsulitis" in their search bar to find relevant articles.
- The National Journal of Homoeopathy: This peer-reviewed journal publishes high-quality research and clinical articles on various homeopathic topics. You can access their archive to search for articles related to Frozen Shoulder.
- Hpathy: This website features a comprehensive library of homeopathic articles, including case studies, provings, and therapeutic approaches. You can use their search function to find articles on Frozen Shoulder.
Homeopathic Repertories and Materia Medica:
- Synthesis Repertory: This comprehensive repertory lists rubrics related to various symptoms and conditions, including Frozen Shoulder. You can look up relevant rubrics and then consult the corresponding homeopathic remedies listed in the materia medica.
- Complete Repertory: Similar to Synthesis, this repertory provides a detailed listing of symptoms and corresponding remedies.
- Allen’s Keynotes: This book offers a concise overview of the key characteristics of various homeopathic remedies, which can be helpful in identifying potential remedies for Frozen Shoulder based on individual symptoms.
Homeopathic Organizations and Institutes:
- The American Institute of Homeopathy: This organization provides resources and publications on homeopathy, including articles on specific conditions like Frozen Shoulder.
- The National Center for Homeopathy: This center offers a wealth of information on homeopathy, including articles, research updates, and educational resources.
- International Council for Classical Homeopathy: This council promotes and supports the practice of classical homeopathy and offers various resources, including articles and publications on homeopathic treatment approaches.
Online Search Engines:
- Google Scholar: This search engine specializes in academic literature, including scholarly articles on homeopathy. You can use it to find research papers and clinical studies on Frozen Shoulder.
- DuckDuckGo: This privacy-focused search engine can be used to find a broader range of homeopathic articles, including those published on blogs, forums, and websites dedicated to homeopathy.
Homeopathic Forums and Communities:
- Homeopathic forums and online communities: Participating in online forums and communities dedicated to homeopathy can be a valuable way to connect with experienced practitioners and learn about their experiences with treating Frozen Shoulder.
By utilizing theseresources, individuals can access a wide range of information on the homeopathic approach to Frozen Shoulder, including treatment options, case studies, and research findings.
There are several ways to search for information on Frozen Shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis:
Online Search Engines:
- Google: The most common way to search for information is by using a search engine like Google. Use keywords like "Frozen Shoulder," "adhesive capsulitis," "shoulder pain," or "shoulder stiffness" to find relevant websites, articles, and videos.
- Google Scholar: If you’re looking for scientific articles or research papers on frozen shoulder, use Google Scholar.
- Other search engines: You can also use other search engines like Bing, DuckDuckGo, or Yahoo! to find information on the topic.
Reputable Medical Websites:
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS): OrthoInfo website provides comprehensive information on various orthopedic conditions, including frozen shoulder.
- Mayo Clinic: This website offers detailed information on symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of frozen shoulder.
- WebMD: This website provides a general overview of frozen shoulder, including risk factors, complications, and prevention tips.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): The NIH website offers information on ongoing research and clinical trials related to frozen shoulder.
Medical Journals and Databases:
- PubMed: This is a free database of medical literature, including articles on frozen shoulder published in peer-reviewed journals.
- MedlinePlus: This is a consumer-oriented website from the National Library of Medicine, offering information on various health topics, including frozen shoulder
Social Media:
- Facebook groups or online communities: There are many online communities and forums dedicated to frozen shoulder where you can connect with other people experiencing the same condition, share experiences, and ask questions.
Consulting a Healthcare Professional:
- Doctor or physical therapist: The best way to get accurate information and personalized advice on frozen shoulder is to consult with a healthcare professional. They can diagnose the condition, recommend appropriate treatment options, and answer any questions you may have.
By utilizing these various resources, you can gather comprehensive information on frozen shoulder, ranging from general overviews to specific treatment options and research findings.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is frozen shoulder?
Definition:
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition characterized by stiffness and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint.
It typically occurs due to inflammation and thickening of the capsule surrounding the joint.
What causes frozen shoulder?
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors can increase the risk, including:
Age (40-60 years old)
Female gender
Underlying medical conditions like diabetes, thyroid problems, or recent surgery
Prolonged immobilization of the shoulder
How is frozen shoulder treated?
Treatment options vary depending on the severity and stage of the condition:
Non-surgical: Physical therapy, pain medication, corticosteroid injections, and hydrodilatation (stretching the joint capsule with fluid).
Surgical: In severe cases, arthroscopic surgery may be needed to loosen the tight capsule and remove scar tissue.
Can homeopathy treat frozen shoulder?
Yes, homeopathy offers a holistic approach to treating frozen shoulder by addressing the underlying causes and individual symptoms.
What are the symptoms of frozen shoulder?
Common symptoms include pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the shoulder, especially during activities like reaching overhead, dressing, or sleeping. The pain often worsens at night and may radiate to the upper arm and neck.
What are the symptoms of Frozen Shoulder?
Diagnosis is usually based on:
Medical history and physical examination to assess pain, stiffness, and range of motion.
Imaging tests like X-rays or MRI may be used to rule out other conditions.
Is homeopathic treatment for frozen shoulder safe?
Homeopathic remedies are generally safe when prescribed by a qualified practitioner.
They are prepared in highly diluted forms and do not cause side effects like conventional medications.
What are the homeopathic remedies for frozen shoulder?
Several remedies may be helpful, depending on the specific symptoms. Common remedies include Rhus Tox, Bryonia, Ferrum Met, and Sanguinaria. A qualified homeopath can prescribe the most suitable remedy based on your individual case.
How does homeopathic treatment for frozen shoulder work?
Homeopathic remedies stimulate the body’s healing mechanism to restore balance and reduce inflammation.
They aim to address not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and mental aspects associated with frozen shoulder.
How long does homeopathic treatment for frozen shoulder take to work?
The duration of treatment varies depending on the individual, the severity of the condition, and the response to the remedy. Some people may experience relief within weeks, while othersmay require a longer course of treatment.
