Hip pain

Overview of Hip pain

• Generally, The hip is best evaluated by observing the patient’s gait also assessing range of motion.
• Moreover, The vast majority of patients reporting “hip pain” localize their pain unilaterally to the posterior gluteal musculature Such pain tends to radiate down the posterolateral aspect of the thigh also may or may not be associated with complaints of low back pain.[1]
• Lastly, this presentation frequently results from degenerative arthritis of the lumbosacral spine or disks also commonly follows a dermatomal distribution with involvement of nerve roots between L4 and S1.[1]

Epidemiology of Hip pain

The prevalence of hip pain in the Indian population varies depending on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Several studies have explored this issue:

• Socioeconomic variation in the prevalence of pain by anatomical sites among middle-aged and older adults in India: a cross-sectional study (2024): This study found that hip pain was more prevalent among older age groups (75 years and above), females, individuals with no schooling, those in the highest socioeconomic quintile, and those who were over-weight or had a history of smoking or alcohol consumption. [5]

• Burden of Osteoarthritis in India – ResearchGate (2008): This research focused on osteoarthritis, a common cause of hip pain, and found a significant burden of the disease in India. The study highlighted the need for further research and targeted interventions to address osteoarthritis in the country. [6]

Causes

These are some of the conditions that commonly cause hip pain:

1. Arthritis-

• Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are among the most common causes, especially in older adults.
• Arthritis leads to inflammation of the hip joint and the breakdown of the cartilage that cushions your hip bones.
• The pain gradually gets worse. People with arthritis also feel stiffness and have reduced range of motion in the hip.

2. Hip fractures

• With age, the bones can become weak and brittle.
• Weakened bones are more likely to break during a fall.

3. Bursitis

• Bursae are sacs of liquid found between tissues such as bone, muscles, and tendons.
• They ease the friction from these tissues rubbing together. When bursae get inflamed, they can cause pain.
• Inflammation of bursae is usually due to repetitive activities that overwork or irritate the hip joint.

4. Tendinitis

• Tendons are the thick bands of tissue that attach bones to muscles.
• Tendinitis is inflammation or irritation of the tendons. It’s usually caused by repetitive stress from overuse.

5. Muscle or tendon strain-

• Repeated activities can put strain on the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the hips.
• When they become inflamed due to overuse, they can cause pain and prevent the hip from working normally. [2]

6. Osteonecrosis of the hip

Types 

1. Inflammatory Hip Pain: This type of pain is often caused by conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic arthritis. It is characterized by morning stiffness, pain that improves with activity, and swelling in the affected joint.

2. Mechanical Hip Pain: This type of pain is usually due to wear and tear of the joint, as in osteoarthritis. It is characterized by pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.

3. Referred Hip Pain: Pain felt in the hip can sometimes originate from other areas, such as the lower back or sacroiliac joints. This is known as referred pain and can be caused by conditions like lumbar disc herniation or sacroiliitis.

4. Neuropathic Hip Pain: This type of pain is caused by damage or irritation to nerves supplying the hip joint. It is characterized by a burning or tingling sensation and can be caused by conditions like diabetic neuropathy or nerve entrapment.

5. Other Causes: Hip pain can also be caused by less common conditions like avascular necrosis (loss of blood supply to the bone), infections, or tumors. [7] 

Risk factors

• Age: The risk of hip joint problems, such as osteoarthritis, increases with age.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop hip issues, particularly post-menopausal women.
• Genetics: A family history of hip disorders can increase the risk.
• Obesity: Excess body weight adds stress to the hip joints.
• Injury: Previous hip injuries can lead to chronic hip problems.
• Activity Level: Both high-impact activities and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to hip issues.
• Bone Density: Low bone density (osteoporosis) can lead to hip fractures.
• Chronic Diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases can affect the hip joint.
• Congenital Conditions: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or other congenital abnormalities can predispose individuals to hip problems. [8] [9][10][11]

Pathogenesis of Hip Pain

It is complex and can involve various mechanisms depending on the underlying cause:

1. Inflammatory:

   • Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis can cause synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane) in the hip joint.
   • This leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, causing pain, stiffness, and joint damage over time.

2. Degenerative:

   • Osteoarthritis, the most common form of hip arthritis, involves the gradual breakdown of articular cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the joint.
   • As the cartilage wears away, the bones rub against each other, causing pain, inflammation, and bone spurs.

3. Mechanical:

   • Structural abnormalities like femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip dysplasia can alter the biomechanics of the hip joint, leading to abnormal stress and wear on the cartilage.
   • This can result in pain, especially with certain movements or activities.

4. Referred Pain:

   • Pain originating from other areas, like the lower back or sacroiliac joints, can be referred to the hip, causing pain in the absence of any pathology in the hip joint itself.

5. Neuropathic:

   • Damage or irritation to nerves supplying the hip joint, as in diabetic neuropathy or nerve entrapment, can cause neuropathic pain, characterized by burning, tingling, or shooting sensations.

6. Other:

   • Less common causes of hip pain include avascular necrosis (bone death due to loss of blood supply), infections (septic arthritis), and tumors. [7]

Pathophysiology

• Some individuals instead localize their “hip pain” laterally to the area overlying the trochanteric bursa.
• Because of the depth of this bursa, swelling and warmth are usually absent. Diagnosis of trochanteric bursitis or enthesitis can be confirmed by inducing point tenderness over the trochanteric bursa.[1]
• Gluteal and trochanteric pain are common findings in fibromyalgia.
• Range of movement may be limited by it.
• Pain is less common and tends to be located anteriorly, over the inguinal ligament; it may radiate medially to the groin. [1]

Clinical Features of Hip Pain

It can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, some common features include:

1. Location:

   • Anterior (front) hip or groin pain is often associated with intra-articular pathologies like osteoarthritis, labral tears, or femoroacetabular impingement.
   • Lateral (side) hip pain may suggest greater trochanteric pain syndrome (bursitis) or iliotibial band syndrome.
   • Posterior (back) hip pain may indicate referred pain from the lumbar spine or sacroiliac joint.

2. Character:

   • Dull, aching pain is common in inflammatory or degenerative conditions like arthritis.
   • Sharp, stabbing pain may suggest a labral tear or muscle strain.
   • Burning or tingling pain may indicate nerve involvement.

3. Onset:

   • Gradual onset is typical of osteoarthritis or tendinopathies.
   • Sudden onset may suggest a fracture, dislocation, or acute injury.

4. Aggravating and Relieving Factors:

   • Pain worsened by activity and relieved by rest is common in osteoarthritis.
   • Pain with specific movements may suggest impingement or labral tears.

5. Associated Symptoms:

   • Stiffness, especially in the morning, may accompany inflammatory arthritis.
   • Clicking, popping, or locking sensations may indicate a labral tear or loose body in the joint.
   • Radiating pain to the thigh or knee may suggest referred pain from the spine.

6. Physical Examination:

   • Limited range of motion, tenderness to palpation, and pain with specific maneuvers can help localize the source of pain and guide further investigation. [12]

Sign & Symptoms of Hip pain

Depending on the condition that’s causing your hip pain, you might feel the discomfort in your i.e.:

• Range of movement may be limited by pain
• Thigh
• Inside and outside hip joint
• Groin
• Buttocks

Sometimes pain from other areas of the body, such as the back or groin (from a hernia), can radiate to the hip.

You might notice that your pain gets worse with activity, especially if it’s caused by arthritis. Along with the pain, you might have reduced range of motion. Some people develop a limp from persistent hip pain. [2]

Clinical Examination of Hip Pain

A comprehensive clinical examination of the hip involves several key steps:

1. History:

   • Onset and duration of pain
   • Location and character of pain
   • Aggravating and relieving factors
   • Associated symptoms (e.g., stiffness, clicking, locking)
   • Medical history and risk factors (e.g., previous injuries, arthritis)

2. Observation:

   • Gait assessment (e.g., limping, Trendelenburg sign)
   • Posture and alignment
   • Muscle atrophy or asymmetry

3. Palpation:

   • Tenderness over bony landmarks (e.g., greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine)
   • Palpation of muscles and tendons for tenderness or spasm

4. Range of Motion Assessment:

   • Active range of motion (patient moves the joint)
   • Passive range of motion (examiner moves the joint)
   • Assessment of both hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation

5. Special Tests:

   • Impingement tests (e.g., FADIR, FABER)
   • Labral tear tests (e.g., O’Brien’s test)
   • Trendelenburg test (for gluteal weakness)
   • Thomas test (for hip flexor tightness)
   • Ober’s test (for iliotibial band tightness)

6. Neurovascular Examination:

   • Assessment of sensation, reflexes, and pulses in the lower extremity [13]

Diagnosis of Hip pain

• The vast majority of musculoskeletal disorders can be easily diagnosed by a complete history and physical examination.
• An additional objective of the initial encounter is to determine whether additional investigations or immediate therapy is required. [1]

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of hip pain is broad and can be categorized based on the location of pain:

Anterior Hip Pain:

• Intra-articular: Osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular impingement, labral tear, hip effusion, transient synovitis, septic arthritis, avascular necrosis, occult fracture
• Extra-articular: Iliopsoas bursitis/tendinitis, stress fracture, adductor strain, osteitis pubis, athletic pubalgia (sports hernia), inguinal hernia, referred pain from the lumbar spine

Lateral Hip Pain:

• Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Gluteus medius and minimus tendinopathy or tears, trochanteric bursitis, external snapping hip (IT band)
• Other: Meralgia paresthetica (lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment)

Posterior Hip Pain:

• Referred Pain: Lumbar radiculopathy, sacroiliitis, deep gluteal syndrome (sciatic nerve entrapment)
• Local Causes: Ischiofemoral impingement, hamstring tendinopathy, proximal hamstring avulsion, posterior labral tear

Additional Considerations:

• Age: Certain conditions are more common in specific age groups (e.g., transient synovitis in children, osteoarthritis in older adults).
• Medical History: Consider underlying conditions like inflammatory arthritis, infection, or malignancy.
• Trauma: A history of trauma may suggest a fracture or soft tissue injury. [14]

Complications 

Untreated or poorly managed hip pain can lead to various complications, depending on the underlying cause:

1. Functional Impairment:

   • Limited mobility and decreased range of motion
   • Difficulty with activities of daily living (e.g., walking, dressing, bathing)
   • Reduced quality of life and increased risk of falls

2. Chronic Pain:

   • Persistent pain even after initial treatment
   • Development of chronic pain syndromes like complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

3. Muscle Weakness and Atrophy:

   • Disuse or guarding of the hip joint due to pain can lead to muscle weakness and atrophy in the surrounding muscles.
   • This can further exacerbate functional limitations and increase the risk of falls.

4. Joint Deformity:

   • In cases of severe arthritis or untreated hip dysplasia, the joint can become deformed over time.
   • This can lead to further pain, functional limitations, and the need for more extensive surgical intervention.

5. Avascular Necrosis (AVN):

   • Certain conditions like hip fractures, dislocations, or corticosteroid use can disrupt blood supply to the femoral head, leading to AVN.
   • AVN can cause severe pain, joint collapse, and disability.

6. Nerve Damage:

   • In rare cases, untreated hip conditions or complications from surgery can damage nerves in the hip region.
   • This can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, and chronic pain.

7. Emotional and Psychological Distress:

   • Chronic pain and disability can significantly impact mental health, leading to depression, anxiety, and social isolation. [15] 

Investigation of Hip pain

Additional evaluation is indicated with:

(1) Monoarticular conditions

(2) Traumatic or inflammatory conditions

(3) The presence of neurologic findings

(4) Systemic manifestations

(5) Chronic symptoms (>6 weeks) and a lack of response to symptomatic measures.

Treatment 

• If your hip pain is caused by a muscle or tendon strain, osteoarthritis, or tendinitis, you can usually relieve it with an over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen or naproxen.
• Rheumatoid arthritis treatments so include prescription anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate and sulfasalazine, and biologics, which target the immune system.
• Another way to relieve hip pain is by holding ice to the area for about 15 minutes a few times a day. Try to rest the affected joint as much as possible until you feel better. You may also try heating the area. A warm bath or shower can help ready your muscle for stretching exercises that can lessen pain.
• People who experience hip pain or discomfort for more than an hour following these exercises should reduce the number of repetitions accordingly.
• Knee lift
• External hip rotation
• Double hip rotation
• Hip and lower back stretch
• Hip flexion
• Hip extension
• Hip abduction
• Heel-to-buttock exercise
• Mini squa.
• Short-arc quadriceps exercise [2]

Prevention of Hip Pain 

While not all hip pain can be prevented, the following strategies can help reduce the risk and promote hip health:

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight puts added stress on the hip joints, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis and other conditions. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can significantly reduce this risk.

2. Exercise Regularly: Regular, low-impact exercise can strengthen the muscles surrounding the hip joint, improve flexibility, and reduce stiffness. Activities like swimming, cycling, and walking are good options.

3. Warm-up and Cool-down: Before engaging in physical activity, it’s important to warm up the muscles and joints. This can include light cardio and dynamic stretches. Similarly, cooling down with static stretches after exercise can help prevent muscle soreness and stiffness.

4. Use Proper Body Mechanics: When lifting heavy objects, use proper lifting techniques to avoid straining the hip joint. Bend at the knees and keep your back straight to distribute the weight evenly.

5. Wear Supportive Footwear: Choosing shoes with good arch support and cushioning can help reduce the impact on the hip joints during walking and running.

6. Avoid Overuse and Repetitive Stress: If you participate in activities that put repetitive stress on the hip, such as running or jumping, be sure to take rest days and vary your activities to avoid overuse injuries.

7. Address Underlying Conditions: If you have any underlying medical conditions that can affect the hip joint, such as inflammatory arthritis or hip dysplasia, it’s important to seek appropriate treatment to manage these conditions and prevent further damage.

8. Get Regular Checkups: Regular checkups with a healthcare provider can help identify and address any potential issues early on, before they lead to significant pain or damage. [16]

Homeopathic Treatment of Hip pain

Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis.

which includes

• The medical history of the patient,
• Physical and mental constitution,
• Family history,
• Presenting symptoms,
• Underlying pathology,
• Possible causative factors etc.

A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions.

What Homoeopathic doctors do?

A homeopathy doctor tries to treat more than just the presenting symptoms. The focus is usually on what caused the disease condition? Why ‘this patient’ is sick ‘this way’?.

The disease diagnosis is important but in homeopathy, the cause of disease not just probed to the level of bacteria and viruses. Other factors like mental, emotional and physical stress that could predispose a person to illness also looked for. No a days, even modern medicine also considers a large number of diseases as psychosomatic. The correct homeopathy remedy tries to correct this disease predisposition.

The focus is not on curing the disease but to cure the person who is sick, to restore the health. If a disease pathology not very advanced, homeopathy remedies do give a hope for cure but even in incurable cases, the quality of life can greatly improved with homeopathic medicines.

Homeopathic Medicines:

The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the homeopathy treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy.

Homoeopathic medicines:

Bryonia Alba –

• Basically, Bryonia Alba is a natural, safe homeopathic medicine for hip pain that gets worse from the slightest motion.
• There is cracking in the hip joint upon walking, also pain may extend down to the knee.
• It may be aching, cramping or bruised type. In some cases, a knife-like stitching type of pain also recommends the use of this remedy.
• The person needing Bryonia Alba may get relief especially from warm applications.
• In cases of sciatica where the pain is worse from motion on the other hand, better from lying on the affected side, Bryonia yields wonderful results.

Rhus Tox – 

• Rhus Tox a majorly indicate homeopathic medicine for hip pain that is attended with stiffness.
• In detail, the pain and stiffness from the hip may extend down the back of the thigh.
• Other symptoms include crackling pains, worsening during rest, or lying on affected side, intensified pain after rising after prolonged sitting, worsening especially from cold and relief from warmth.
• It worsening from every change of weather also treat well with Rhus Tox.
• In addition to these, it a top list homeopathic medicine for hip pain arising from either overstraining or overstretching muscles.
• It also frequently recommend for hip pain arising from injuries, inflammation and that of rheumatic origin.

Ruta Graveolens – 

• Ruta Graveolens is a natural homeopathic medicine for hip pain from inflamed tendons.
• The key feature to use Ruta Graveolens is it gets worse from stretching the leg.
• The hip feels very sore and bruised, and bending down becomes difficult.
• Ruta Graveolens also helps reduce the inflammation of tendons, soreness.

Causticum – 

• Causticum offers a natural cure for hip pain present on the left side.
• The nature of pain for using Causticum may be aching, tearing or stitching type.
• Lying on the affected hip region worsens it.
• It also gets worse when the person begins to move or while walking.
• In some cases, a drawing or tearing pain in the thighs may also be present along with hip pain.

Ledum Pal – 

• Ledum Pal is an effective homeopathic medicine for hip pain present on the right side.
• The pain in right hip tends to get worse from motion. The heat of the bed also worsens the pain.
• Pain gets worse from prolonged standing, as well as it occurs due to gout.

Colocynthis – 

• Colocynthis is a natural medicine for hip pain that results from sciatica.
• The pain radiates down the lower limb.
• The nature of pain may be cramping, drawing, or tearing type.
• Sometimes it can be shooting or lightning like in nature. Walking worsens the pain and taking rest brings relief.
• Applying pressure also brings relief from it in cases requiring Colocynthis.

Aesculus Hippocastanum – 

• Aesculus Hippocastanum is a natural homeopathic medicine for hip joint pain that arises from arthritis or some degenerative process.
• The guiding feature to use Aesculus Hippocastanum includes a pain that is worse from walking or stooping.
• Soreness and lameness are also present in the hip.
• Along with it, lower back pain and stiffness may also be present. [3]

Diet & Regimen:

Exercise, weight loss, and medication aren’t the only ways to alleviate hip pain. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids are great for joint health, as they are known to reduce inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in i.e.:

• Cold-water, fatty fish like salmon, herring, anchovies, mackerel, sardines, also tuna
• Some plant and nut oils like olive, canola, and flaxseed
• Leafy green vegetable e.g. broccoli and lettuce
• Walnuts also pecans
• Flaxseeds
• Nuts also seeds
• Brassica vegetables
• Colourful fruits
• Lentils also beans
• Garlic and root vegetables
• Dark chocolate

If you aren’t able to get enough omega-3 fatty acids through the foods in your diet, take fish oil supplements. [4]

The Do’s & Don’ts

Do’s:

• Rest: Avoid activities that worsen the pain and give your hip time to rest.
• Apply ice or heat: Ice can help reduce inflammation, while heat can relax muscles and improve blood flow. Apply for 15-20 minutes at a time.
• Take over-the-counter pain relievers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Gentle stretching and exercise: Gentle stretches and low-impact exercises like swimming or walking can help improve flexibility and strengthen the muscles around your hip.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts extra stress on your hips. Losing weight can help reduce pain and improve function.
• Wear comfortable shoes with good support: Avoid high heels and choose shoes that provide good cushioning and support for your feet and ankles.
• See a doctor: If the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms like fever or swelling, consult a doctor to determine the cause and get appropriate treatment.

Don’ts:

• Ignore the pain: Don’t try to push through the pain, as this can worsen the underlying condition.
• Overdo it: Avoid strenuous activities or high-impact exercises that can aggravate the pain.
• Stay inactive for too long: While rest is important, prolonged inactivity can lead to muscle weakness and stiffness.
• Smoke: Smoking can impair healing and increase the risk of complications.
• Self-medicate: Don’t rely on over-the-counter pain relievers for extended periods without consulting a doctor.

Additional Tips:

• Physical therapy: A physical therapist can help you develop a personalized exercise program and teach you proper body mechanics to reduce strain on your hip.
• Assistive devices: If you have difficulty walking, consider using a cane or walker for support.
• Alternative therapies: Some people find relief from hip pain through alternative therapies like acupuncture, massage, or chiropractic care.

Terminology

• Anterior Hip Pain: Pain felt in the front of the hip or groin area.
• Avascular Necrosis (AVN): Also known as osteonecrosis, this condition refers to the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. It can be a cause of hip pain.
• Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions the bones, tendons, and muscles near your joints. In the hip, trochanteric bursitis is a common cause of lateral hip pain.
• Coxalgia: A medical term for hip pain.
• Degenerative Joint Disease: Another term for osteoarthritis, a common type of arthritis that occurs due to wear and tear of the joint over time.
• Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): A condition where extra bone grows along one or both of the bones that form the hip joint, causing them to rub against each other and leading to pain.  

• Hip Arthritis:

  • Inflammation of the hip joint, which can be caused by various conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis.
• Hip Labrum: A ring of cartilage that surrounds the hip socket and helps to stabilize the joint. Tears in the labrum can cause pain and instability.
• Lateral Hip Pain: Pain felt on the side of the hip.
• Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common type of arthritis, characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
• Posterior Hip Pain: Pain felt in the back of the hip.
• Referred Pain: Pain that is felt in one area of the body but originates from a different location. For example, pain from the lower back can sometimes be referred to the hip.

• Sciatica:

  • Pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. 
• Snapping Hip Syndrome: A condition where a snapping or popping sensation is felt in the hip when the joint is moved.
• Stress Fracture: A small crack in a bone, often caused by overuse or repetitive stress. Stress fractures in the hip can be a cause of pain.
• Tendinopathy: Inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone. Tendinopathies in the hip, such as iliopsoas tendinopathy, can cause pain.
• Trochanteric Bursitis: Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, located on the outer side of the hip.

Terminologies Used in Homeopathic Articles on Hip Pain and Their Meanings:

• Aggravation: A temporary worsening of existing symptoms after taking a homeopathic remedy, often seen as a positive sign indicating the remedy is working.
• Amelioration: Improvement or relief of symptoms after taking a homeopathic remedy.
• Constitution: The overall physical, mental, and emotional makeup of an individual, considered important in homeopathic treatment for selecting the most appropriate remedy.
• Materia Medica: A reference book containing detailed descriptions of the symptoms and characteristics associated with each homeopathic remedy.
• Miasm: In homeopathy, a miasm is a predisposition to certain types of chronic diseases, believed to be inherited and underlying many health conditions.
• Modalities: Factors that make symptoms better or worse, such as time of day, temperature, movement, or rest. These are important considerations in homeopathic case-taking.
• Potency: The strength or dilution of a homeopathic remedy. Higher potencies are considered more dilute but also more potent in their energetic action.
• Proving: A systematic process of testing a substance on healthy individuals to determine its potential as a homeopathic remedy.
• Repertory: A reference book that lists symptoms and the remedies associated with them, used by homeopaths to select appropriate remedies for specific cases.
• Rubric: A specific symptom or group of symptoms listed in the repertory.
• Similia Similibus Curentur: The fundamental principle of homeopathy, meaning "like cures like." This refers to the use of substances that produce symptoms similar to those of the disease in a healthy person to treat the illness.
• Succussion: The process of vigorously shaking a homeopathic remedy during its preparation, believed to potentize its effects.

Specific Remedies Often Mentioned in Homeopathic Articles on Hip Pain:

• Arnica montana: Used for pain, stiffness, and bruising, often recommended after injuries or surgery.
• Bryonia alba: Helpful for pain worse with motion and better with rest.
• Calcarea carbonica: For hip pain in individuals who are over-weight, chilly, and easily fatigued.
• Rhus toxicodendron: Indicated for pain worse in cold, damp weather and better with warmth and movement.
• Ruta graveolens: For pain and stiffness in the hip, especially in those with a history of overuse or strain.

References 

1. Harrison-s_Principles_of_Internal_Medicine-_19th_Edition-_2_Volume_Set
2. https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/hip-pain-causes-and-treatment.
3. https://www.drhomeo.com/homeopathic-treatment/hip-pain-natural-homeopathic-medicines/
4. https://www.everydayhealth.com/hip-pain/diet-and-hip-pain.aspx
5. Socioeconomic variation in the prevalence of pain by anatomical sites among middle-aged and older adults in India: a cross-sectional study (2024)
6. Burden of Osteoarthritis in India – ResearchGate (2008)
7. Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology by Gary S. Firestein, Ralph C. Budd, Sherine E. Gabriel, Iain B. McInnes, James R. O’Dell, 11th edition, 2021, Elsevier 
8. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Hip and Knee Reconstruction (4th Edition, 2020) by Derek J. Ward, James A. Browne, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
9. Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics (13th Edition, 2016) S. Terry Canale, James H. Beaty, Frederick M. Azar, Elseiver
10. Rheumatology (7th Edition, 2019) by Marc C. Hochberg, Alan J. Silman, Josef S. Smolen, Michael E. Weinblatt, Michael H. Weisman, Elsevier 
11. Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/Surgical Management (5th Edition, 2007) by Roland W. Moskowitz
12. DeLee & Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (5th edition, 2021) by Mark D. Miller, Stephen R. Thompson, Elsevier 
13. Netter’s Orthopaedic Clinical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach (4th editin,2020) by Joshua Cleland, Shane Koppenhaver, Jonathan Cluett, Elsevier 
14. Hip Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis, by Robert L. Barrack, MD, FAAFP; Scott E. Wiley, MD, FAAFP, Journal Article January 15, 2021
15. Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine (10th edition, 2021) by Parveen Kumar, Michael L. Clark, Elsevier 
16. Hip Preservation Surgery (1st edition,2018) by Shane J. Nho, MD, MS; Benjamin G. Domb, MD, Springer

Also Seach As

People can search for homeopathic articles on hip pain through various online and offline resources:

Online Resources:

1. Homeopathic Journals and Websites: Reputable homeopathic journals like Homeopathy or websites like the National Center for Homeopathy often publish articles on specific conditions, including hip pain. Search their archives using keywords like "hip pain," "homeopathy," and relevant remedies.

2. Online Databases: Databases like PubMed or Google Scholar can be used to search for scientific articles on homeopathy and hip pain. Include keywords like "homeopathic treatment," "hip pain," and specific remedies to narrow down the results.

3. Homeopathic Forums and Communities: Online forums and communities dedicated to homeopathy can be a valuable resource for finding articles, case studies, and discussions on hip pain treatment using homeopathic remedies.

Offline Resources:

1. Homeopathic Libraries: Many cities have homeopathic libraries or clinics that house a collection of books, journals, and other resources on homeopathy. You can search their catalogs for articles on hip pain.

2. Homeopathic Practitioners: Consult a qualified homeopathic practitioner who can provide you with relevant articles or case studies from their own resources or direct you to reliable sources of information.

3. Homeopathic Bookstores: Specialized bookstores that carry homeopathic literature may have books or journals with articles on hip pain.

There are several ways to search for information on hip pain:

1. Online Search Engines:

• Use search engines like Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo.
• Enter keywords like "hip pain," "causes of hip pain," "hip pain treatment," or "hip pain exercises."
• You can also be more specific by adding terms like "hip pain in women," "hip pain at night," or "hip pain after running."

2. Medical Websites and Resources:

• Reputable medical websites like Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, WebMD, and Healthline offer comprehensive information on hip pain, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
• You can often filter information by age group or specific condition (e.g., hip arthritis, bursitis).

3. Academic Databases:

• If you’re looking for more in-depth or scientific information, use databases like PubMed or Google Scholar.
• These databases contain a vast amount of medical research on hip pain.

4. Social Media Groups and Forums:

• Many online communities and forums are dedicated to discussing hip pain.
• You can connect with others experiencing similar issues, share experiences, and learn about potential treatment options.

5. Consult a Healthcare Professional:

• If you’re experiencing hip pain, the most reliable way to get accurate information and personalized advice is to consult a healthcare professional.
• They can diagnose the cause of your pain, recommend treatment options, and refer you to specialists if needed.